Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes

Holding in Rule 23 context that “[w]ithout some glue holding the alleged reasons for all those decisions together, it will be impossible to say that examination of all the class members' claims for relief will produce a common answer”

Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor

Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval

Comcast Corp. v. Behrend

Holding that at the class certification stage, "any model supporting a plaintiff's damages case must be consistent with its liability case"

Gen. Tel. Co. of Sw. v. Falcon

Holding that named plaintiff must prove “much more than the validity of his own claim”; the individual plaintiff must show that “the individual's claim and the class claims will share common questions of law or fact and that the individual's claim will be typical of the class claims,” explicitly referencing the “commonality” and “typicality” requirements of Rule 23

Tyson Foods, Inc. v. Bouaphakeo

Holding "persuasiveness is, in general, a matter for the jury" and not grounds for denying class certification unless "no reasonable juror could have believed" plaintiffs' evidence of an essential element of their claim

Bridge v. Phoenix Bond & Indem. Co.

Holding that bidders at a county tax-lien auction plausibly alleged RICO proximate causation when they lost to a competing bidder who lied to the county about complying with the auction's rules

Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp.

Holding that "a fairness hearing under Rule 23(e) is no substitute for rigorous adherence to those provisions of the Rule designed to protect absentees"

Myers v. Hertz Corp.

Holding that district courts have the discretion to certify a collective action by facilitating notice to potential plaintiffs of the "pendency of the action and of their opportunity to opt-in as represented plaintiffs"

Zinser v. Accufix Research Inst., Inc.

Holding that a putative class did not meet the requirements of Rule 23(b) before discussing the elements of Rule 23.

Rule 23 - Class Actions

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Rule 701 - Opinion Testimony by Lay Witnesses

Requiring lay opinion testimony to be "rationally based on the witness's perception"

Section 2072 - Rules of procedure and evidence; power to prescribe

Granting the Supreme Court, not the parties, authority to "prescribe general rules of practice and procedure" for federal district court cases

Section 512 - Assault and battery; false imprisonment; slander and libel; injuries to person or property

Establishing that an action for slander and libel “shall be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues, and not after”

Section 1410 - Groundwater; right of action