Ricci v. DeStefano
557 U.S. 557 (2009) Cited 3,057 times 30 Legal AnalysesHolding that a city's making promotion decisions based on race would violate Title VII without a "valid defense"
Griggs v. Duke Power Co.
401 U.S. 424 (1971) Cited 2,761 times 34 Legal AnalysesHolding that § 703(h) does not protect use of testing requirements with a disparate impact on racial minorities where the tests were not shown to be related to job performance
Ernst v. City of Chi.
39 F. Supp. 3d 1005 (N.D. Ill. 2014) Cited 10 timesAdmitting expert opinion regarding the validity of a physical ability test for the CFD paramedic position where the expert, an exercise physiologist with forty-five years of experience, reviewed a "detailed job analysis" of the position and linked his opinions "to what he has seen and experienced in his work in the field over the years"
United States v. City of Buffalo
457 F. Supp. 612 (W.D.N.Y. 1978) Cited 50 times 1 Legal AnalysesHolding that Buffalo Fire Department engaged in pattern or practice of hiring and promotion discrimination against African Americans, Latinos, and women
Godfrey v. City of Chi.
973 F. Supp. 2d 883 (N.D. Ill. 2013) Cited 1 timesNo. 12 C 08601. 2013-09-25 Katherine GODFREY, et al., Plaintiffs, v. CITY OF CHICAGO, Defendant. Marni J. Willenson, Willenson Law, LLC, Chicago, IL, David Borgen, Lin Yee Chan, Teresa Demchak, Goldstein, Borgen, Dardarian & Ho, Oakland, CA, Susan Patricia Malone, Attorney at Law, Chicago, IL, for Plaintiffs. Allan T. Slagel, Cary E. Donham, Erin K. Lynch, Heather Ann Jackson, Shefsky & Froelich Ltd., Chicago, IL, for Defendant. JOHN J. THARP Marni J. Willenson, Willenson Law, LLC, Chicago, IL, David
United States v. City of Buffalo
633 F.2d 643 (2d Cir. 1980) Cited 20 timesModifying November 23, 1979 Remedial Decree by striking provision directing City to seek to achieve "long term goal" of reaching minority composition of police officers and firefighters comparable to that of City's work force as a whole according to census; affirming as modified
Section 2000e-2 - Unlawful employment practices
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2 Cited 28,256 times 170 Legal AnalysesAdopting case law prior to June 4, 1989, “with respect to the concept of ‘alternative employment practice’ ”