550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 269,161 times 367 Legal Analyses
Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
Holding that Rule 9(b) requires the plaintiff to "state with particularity" the "circumstances constituting the fraud," including a statement of "the time, place, and specific content of the false representations as well as the identities of the parties to the misrepresentation."
68 Cal.App.4th 445 (Cal. Ct. App. 1998) Cited 454 times
Holding allegation that brokerage firm encouraged client to undertake "imprudent and unsuitable" investment program that included "speculative investments in extremely volatile securities, risky transactions in highly leveraged interest-bearing instruments, and excessive commissions" sufficient to state a claim for breach of fiduciary duty
Holding that "to predicate the legality of a consensual arbitration agreement upon the parties' express waiver of jury trial would be as artificial as it would be disastrous" because parties "well know" that arbitration "disputes are not resolved by juries"
Stating that while a nominal defendant corporation generally may not defend a derivative action filed on its behalf, it "may assert defenses contesting the plaintiff's right or decision to bring suit, such as asserting the shareholder plaintiffs lack of standing ...."
26 U.S.C. § 170 Cited 1,303 times 100 Legal Analyses
In § 170 and § 501(c)(3), Congress has identified categories of traditionally exempt institutions and has specified certain additional requirements for tax exemption.