Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (2009) Cited 252,377 times 279 Legal AnalysesHolding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly
550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 266,313 times 365 Legal AnalysesHolding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dept
901 F.2d 696 (9th Cir. 1988) Cited 15,979 times 5 Legal AnalysesHolding that a cognizable gender discrimination claim could be brought by a female domestic violence victim where the victim alleged police denied protection and made misogynistic comments including that "he did not blame [the victim's] husband for hitting her, because of the way she was 'carrying on'"
Branch v. Tunnell
14 F.3d 449 (9th Cir. 1994) Cited 2,964 timesHolding that plaintiffs "`must state in their complaint nonconclusory allegations setting forth evidence of unlawful intent. The allegations of facts must be specific and concrete enough to enable the defendants to prepare a response, and where appropriate, a motion for summary judgment based on qualified immunity.'"
Mack v. S. Bay Beer Distribs., Inc.
798 F.2d 1279 (9th Cir. 1986) Cited 2,370 timesHolding that state agency determination in unemployment hearing did not preclude federal employment discrimination claim because plaintiff did not have adequate opportunity to present discrimination claim before agency
Epstein v. Washington Energy Co.
83 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 1996) Cited 696 times 2 Legal AnalysesFinding no duty to predict action of public utility commission
Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Cited 345,529 times 922 Legal AnalysesGranting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
Rule 201 - Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts
Fed. R. Evid. 201 Cited 28,241 times 26 Legal AnalysesHolding "[n]ormally, in deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, courts must limit their inquiry to the facts stated in the complaint and the documents either attached to or incorporated in the complaint. However, courts may also consider matters of which they may take judicial notice."
Rule 7012 - Defenses and Objections-When and How Presented-By Pleading or Motion-Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings
Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7012 Cited 4,726 times 4 Legal AnalysesAdopting Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(c)
Rule 7001 - Scope of Rules of Part VII
Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7001 Cited 2,798 times 8 Legal AnalysesPermitting the filing of adversary complaints "to recover money"