49 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 255,498 times   280 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
  2. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 269,239 times   367 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
  3. Erickson v. Pardus

    551 U.S. 89 (2007)   Cited 62,358 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests"
  4. Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services

    436 U.S. 658 (1978)   Cited 67,656 times   15 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "local government ... are 'persons'" for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 1983
  5. Connick v. Thompson

    563 U.S. 51 (2011)   Cited 7,134 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that not even "four reversals could . . . have put Connick on notice that the office's Brady training was inadequate"
  6. Board of Comm'rs of Bryan County v. Brown

    520 U.S. 397 (1997)   Cited 12,299 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a "high degree of predictability may also support an inference of causation—that the municipality's indifference led directly to the very consequence that was so predictable"
  7. Albright v. Oliver

    510 U.S. 266 (1994)   Cited 12,516 times   5 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the plaintiff’s § 1983 claim failed where the plaintiff failed to establish that he was deprived of a substantive due process right secured by the Constitution
  8. Canton v. Harris

    489 U.S. 378 (1989)   Cited 16,437 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the city could be held liable for failing to train police officers in determining whether detainees needed medical care because of the likelihood that, absent proper training, the officers would default on their constitutional obligations
  9. Terry v. Ohio

    392 U.S. 1 (1968)   Cited 38,325 times   73 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a police officer who has reasonable suspicion of criminal activity may conduct a brief investigative stop
  10. Scheuer v. Rhodes

    416 U.S. 232 (1974)   Cited 22,362 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that executive branch officers had qualified immunity
  11. Section 1983 - Civil action for deprivation of rights

    42 U.S.C. § 1983   Cited 490,705 times   695 Legal Analyses
    Holding liable any state actor who "subjects, or causes [a person] to be subjected" to a constitutional violation
  12. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 157,777 times   196 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
  13. Section Amendment IV - Search and Seizure

    U.S. Const. amend. IV   Cited 26,939 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Recognizing that "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized"