528 U.S. 167 (2000) Cited 7,199 times 25 Legal Analyses
Holding that plaintiffs who curtailed their recreational activities on a river due to reasonable concerns about the effect of pollutant discharges into that river had standing
450 U.S. 248 (1981) Cited 19,988 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"
572 U.S. 118 (2014) Cited 2,860 times 70 Legal Analyses
Holding that a plaintiff seeking to bring suit under a federal statute must show not only that he has standing under Article III, but also that his "complaint fall within the zone of interests protected by the law" invoked
574 U.S. 352 (2015) Cited 1,119 times 6 Legal Analyses
Holding beard searches address prison's safety concerns in context of religious discrimination claim under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 ("RLUIPA")
429 U.S. 252 (1977) Cited 4,300 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that plaintiffs need show only that "a discriminatory purpose has been a motivating factor in the decision," because, after all, "[r]arely can it be said that a legislature or administrative body operating under a broad mandate made a decision motivated solely by a single concern, or even that a particular purpose was the ‘dominant’ or ‘primary’ one."
494 U.S. 872 (1990) Cited 2,260 times 36 Legal Analyses
Holding that the limitation articulated in Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398-i.e., that governmental actions that substantially burden a religious practice must be justified by a compelling governmental interest-does not apply to neutral, generally applicable laws
42 U.S.C. § 2000bb Cited 1,546 times 18 Legal Analyses
Finding that in Smith, "the Supreme Court virtually eliminated the requirement that the government justify burdens on religious exercise imposed by laws neutral toward religion"
42 U.S.C. § 2000cc-5 Cited 1,191 times 10 Legal Analyses
Recognizing an individual religious practice is not defined by the practices of others in the context of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
42 U.S.C. § 2000cc-3 Cited 317 times 3 Legal Analyses
Providing that " government may avoid the preemptive force" of RLUIPA by eliminating the substantial burden imposed by a policy or practice, including "by changing the policy or practice" or "by providing exemptions from the policy or practice"