439 U.S. 322 (1979) Cited 4,298 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that district courts have discretion to refuse to apply offensive non-mutual collateral estoppel against a defendant if such an application of the doctrine would be unfair
Finding substantial evidence of knowledge of union activities conducted in plain view in an open parking lot where the activities "could very well have been observed by any number of supervisors and managers"