457 U.S. 147 (1982) Cited 5,742 times 33 Legal Analyses
Holding that named plaintiff must prove “much more than the validity of his own claim”; the individual plaintiff must show that “the individual's claim and the class claims will share common questions of law or fact and that the individual's claim will be typical of the class claims,” explicitly referencing the “commonality” and “typicality” requirements of Rule 23
Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 Cited 35,620 times 1242 Legal Analyses
Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"
29 U.S.C. § 621 Cited 17,605 times 21 Legal Analyses
Finding that "older workers find themselves disadvantaged in their efforts to retain employment, and especially to regain employment when displaced from jobs"
29 U.S.C. § 791 Cited 2,289 times 6 Legal Analyses
Adopting standards for ADA claims under § 501 of the Rehabilitation Act, including 42 U.S.C. § 12112, which forbids discrimination "against a qualified individual with a disability because of the disability . . ."
29 C.F.R. § 1614.103 Cited 210 times 3 Legal Analyses
Stating that complaints of discrimination within the federal government extend to "all employment policies or practices affecting employees or applicants for employment "
29 C.F.R. § 1614.405 Cited 83 times 3 Legal Analyses
Providing that " decision [of the EEOC in an administrative appeal] is final . . . unless . . . [e]ither party files a timely request for reconsideration"
Explaining that if an allegation was not previously discussed with the counselor, and the agent provides a satisfactory explanation for this omission, the "administrative judge shall refer the allegation to the agency for further counseling" before consolidating the allegation with the class complaint