411 U.S. 792 (1973) Cited 53,515 times 98 Legal Analyses
Holding in employment discrimination case that statistical evidence of employer's general policy and practice may be relevant circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent behind individual employment decision
450 U.S. 248 (1981) Cited 20,285 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"
438 U.S. 567 (1978) Cited 2,187 times 4 Legal Analyses
Holding that a district court was "entitled to consider the racial mix of the work force when trying to make the determination as to motivation" in the employment discrimination context
Holding that employer liability could arise under the principles of Restatement 219 if: the employer was negligent or reckless; or the employee relied on the supervisor's apparent authority; or the supervisor was aided in his harassment by the existence of the agency relationship
Holding that an employee understood she would be paid under the FWW method where, among other factors, the employee "had signed and acknowledged the explanatory calculation form indicating that she understood the Fair Labor Standard Act's fluctuating work week method of overtime compensation"