564 U.S. 338 (2011) Cited 6,693 times 505 Legal Analyses
Holding in Rule 23 context that “[w]ithout some glue holding the alleged reasons for all those decisions together, it will be impossible to say that examination of all the class members' claims for relief will produce a common answer”
457 U.S. 147 (1982) Cited 5,700 times 33 Legal Analyses
Holding that named plaintiff must prove “much more than the validity of his own claim”; the individual plaintiff must show that “the individual's claim and the class claims will share common questions of law or fact and that the individual's claim will be typical of the class claims,” explicitly referencing the “commonality” and “typicality” requirements of Rule 23
Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 Cited 35,183 times 1237 Legal Analyses
Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"
Explaining that if an allegation was not previously discussed with the counselor, and the agent provides a satisfactory explanation for this omission, the "administrative judge shall refer the allegation to the agency for further counseling" before consolidating the allegation with the class complaint