[Redacted], Darlena H., 1 Complainant, v. Pete Buttigieg, Secretary, Department of Transportation (Federal Aviation Administration), Agency.

26 Cited authorities

Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc.
477 U.S. 242 (1986) Cited 243,214 times 39 Legal Analyses
Holding that summary judgment is appropriate when the evidence is "so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law"
Celotex Corp. v. Catrett
477 U.S. 317 (1986) Cited 222,322 times 41 Legal Analyses
Holding that a movant's summary judgment motion should be granted "against a [nonmovant] who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial"
Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc.
530 U.S. 133 (2000) Cited 21,668 times 22 Legal Analyses
Holding that a "trier of fact can reasonably infer from the falsity of the explanation that the employer is dissembling to cover up a discriminatory purpose"
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green
411 U.S. 792 (1973) Cited 53,600 times 98 Legal Analyses
Holding in employment discrimination case that statistical evidence of employer's general policy and practice may be relevant circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent behind individual employment decision
St. Mary's Honor Ctr. v. Hicks
509 U.S. 502 (1993) Cited 12,448 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that a trier of fact may infer discrimination upon rejecting an employer's proffered reason for termination
Tex. Dept. of Cmty. Affairs v. Burdine
450 U.S. 248 (1981) Cited 20,306 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"
U.S. Postal Service Bd. of Govs. v. Aikens
460 U.S. 711 (1983) Cited 2,426 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding that because "[t]here will seldom be `eyewitness' testimony to the employer's mental process," evidence of the employer's discriminatory attitude in general is relevant and admissible to prove discrimination
Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters
438 U.S. 567 (1978) Cited 2,188 times 4 Legal Analyses
Holding that a district court was "entitled to consider the racial mix of the work force when trying to make the determination as to motivation" in the employment discrimination context
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
550 U.S. 618 (2007) Cited 540 times 34 Legal Analyses
Holding that statute of limitations barred suit for wage discrimination despite difficulty in discovering such discrimination
Corning Glass Works v. Brennan
417 U.S. 188 (1974) Cited 1,440 times 7 Legal Analyses
Holding that an employer has the burden of proof to show that it falls within the stated exemption
Rule 56 - Summary Judgment
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 Cited 339,042 times 162 Legal Analyses
Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit
Section 2000e - Definitions
42 U.S.C. § 2000e Cited 52,867 times 132 Legal Analyses
Granting EEOC authority to issue procedural regulations to carry out Title VII provisions
Section 206 - Minimum wage
29 U.S.C. § 206 Cited 9,145 times 103 Legal Analyses
Asking only whether the alleged inequality resulted from “any other factor other than sex”
Section 1614.105 - Pre-complaint processing
29 C.F.R. § 1614.105 Cited 2,715 times 13 Legal Analyses
Requiring complainant initially to notify agency and make effort to resolve matter informally
Section 1614.107 - Dismissals of complaints
29 C.F.R. § 1614.107 Cited 483 times 5 Legal Analyses
Explaining the notice requirements for partial dismissal of claims in an EEO complaint
Section 1614.604 - Filing and computation of time
29 C.F.R. § 1614.604 Cited 140 times 1 Legal Analyses
Providing the time limits applicable to the subject regulations "are subject to waiver, estoppel and equitable tolling"
Section 1614.109 - Hearings
29 C.F.R. § 1614.109 Cited 133 times 2 Legal Analyses
Governing administrative hearings
Section 1620.14 - Testing equality of jobs
29 C.F.R. § 1620.14 Cited 93 times
Explaining that the requirements of substantially equal skill, effort, and responsibility are separate tests, each of which must be met
Section 1614.405 - Decisions on appeals
29 C.F.R. § 1614.405 Cited 83 times 3 Legal Analyses
Providing that " decision [of the EEOC in an administrative appeal] is final . . . unless . . . [e]ither party files a timely request for reconsideration"
Section 1620.15 - Jobs requiring equal skill in performance
29 C.F.R. § 1620.15 Cited 78 times
Discussing ability as a subfactor of skill
Section 1620.17 - Jobs requiring equal responsibility in performance
29 C.F.R. § 1620.17 Cited 58 times
Stating that "payment of a higher rate" to an employee who has "additional degree of responsibility which may materially affect the business operations of the employer" is permissible
Section 1620.16 - Jobs requiring equal effort in performance
29 C.F.R. § 1620.16 Cited 38 times
Stating that "[w]here substantial differences exist in the amount or degree of effort required to be expended in the performance of jobs, the equal pay standard cannot apply even though the jobs may be equal in all other respects"
Section 1614.403 - How to appeal
29 C.F.R. § 1614.403 Cited 34 times
Indicating that failure to file timely appeal requires dismissal by EEOC

[Redacted], Darlena H., 1 Complainant, v. Pete Buttigieg, Secretary, Department of Transportation (Federal Aviation Administration), Agency.

26 Cited authorities

Holding that summary judgment is appropriate when the evidence is "so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law"

Holding that a movant's summary judgment motion should be granted "against a [nonmovant] who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial"

Holding that a "trier of fact can reasonably infer from the falsity of the explanation that the employer is dissembling to cover up a discriminatory purpose"

Holding in employment discrimination case that statistical evidence of employer's general policy and practice may be relevant circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent behind individual employment decision

Holding that a trier of fact may infer discrimination upon rejecting an employer's proffered reason for termination

Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"

Holding that because "[t]here will seldom be `eyewitness' testimony to the employer's mental process," evidence of the employer's discriminatory attitude in general is relevant and admissible to prove discrimination

Holding that a district court was "entitled to consider the racial mix of the work force when trying to make the determination as to motivation" in the employment discrimination context

Holding that statute of limitations barred suit for wage discrimination despite difficulty in discovering such discrimination

Holding that an employer has the burden of proof to show that it falls within the stated exemption

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Granting EEOC authority to issue procedural regulations to carry out Title VII provisions

Asking only whether the alleged inequality resulted from “any other factor other than sex”

Requiring complainant initially to notify agency and make effort to resolve matter informally

Explaining the notice requirements for partial dismissal of claims in an EEO complaint

Providing the time limits applicable to the subject regulations "are subject to waiver, estoppel and equitable tolling"

Governing administrative hearings

Explaining that the requirements of substantially equal skill, effort, and responsibility are separate tests, each of which must be met

Providing that " decision [of the EEOC in an administrative appeal] is final . . . unless . . . [e]ither party files a timely request for reconsideration"

Discussing ability as a subfactor of skill

Stating that "payment of a higher rate" to an employee who has "additional degree of responsibility which may materially affect the business operations of the employer" is permissible

Stating that "[w]here substantial differences exist in the amount or degree of effort required to be expended in the performance of jobs, the equal pay standard cannot apply even though the jobs may be equal in all other respects"

Indicating that failure to file timely appeal requires dismissal by EEOC