411 U.S. 792 (1973) Cited 53,293 times 96 Legal Analyses
Holding in employment discrimination case that statistical evidence of employer's general policy and practice may be relevant circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent behind individual employment decision
450 U.S. 248 (1981) Cited 20,221 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"
Holding that where a plaintiff alleges that she was denied an increase in pay and grade, the relevant inquiry is whether a similarly-situated person outside the plaintiff's protected class requested and received the same kind of promotion or increase under similar circumstances
Holding employer's subjective hiring criteria to be nonpretextual where the subjective factors considered were articulated and generally relevant to the job
In Miller v. Shawmut Bank of Boston, 726 F. Supp. 337 (D.Mass. 1989), the court determined that a promotion to personal banker from customer services representative was sufficient to save a ยง 1981 claim from summary judgment, particularly when internal company memos showed that the jobs were considerably different.
In Canham v. Oberlin College, 666 F.2d 1057 (6th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 977, 102 S.Ct. 2242, 72 L.Ed.2d 851 (1982), the claim was sex discrimination.