411 U.S. 792 (1973) Cited 52,406 times 95 Legal Analyses
Holding in employment discrimination case that statistical evidence of employer's general policy and practice may be relevant circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent behind individual employment decision
450 U.S. 248 (1981) Cited 19,997 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"
Holding that employer liability could arise under the principles of Restatement 219 if: the employer was negligent or reckless; or the employee relied on the supervisor's apparent authority; or the supervisor was aided in his harassment by the existence of the agency relationship
Holding that plaintiffs could establish hostile work environment where co-workers posted racially offensive materials, including Klu Klux Klan literature and a picture of a black man with a noose around his neck
Holding that an employee understood she would be paid under the FWW method where, among other factors, the employee "had signed and acknowledged the explanatory calculation form indicating that she understood the Fair Labor Standard Act's fluctuating work week method of overtime compensation"
Holding that plaintiff established hostile environment where racial harassment made plaintiff “feel unwanted and uncomfortable in his surroundings,” even though it was not directed at him