Bivens v. Six Unknown Fed. Narcotics Agents

Holding that there is an implied cause of action for money damages against federal officials for violations of the Fourth Amendment

Franks v. Delaware

Holding that "the defendant is entitled, under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments, to his hearing" if he makes the required preliminary showing

Stone v. Powell

Holding that as long as the state provided the petitioner an "opportunity for full and fair litigation of a Fourth Amendment claim," a federal court may not grant habeas relief on such a claim

Wong Sun v. United States

Holding evidence stemming from Fourth Amendment violations must be excluded from trial as fruit of the poisonous tree

Brown v. Illinois

Holding statement was fruit of Fourth Amendment violation where police "illegality . . . had a quality of purposefulness" as "[t]he impropriety of the arrest was obvious" and detectives acknowledged "that the purpose of their action was 'for investigation' or for 'questioning'"

United States v. Brignoni-Ponce

Holding that it violated the Fourth Amendment to stop and "question [a vehicle's] occupants [about their immigration status] when the only ground for suspicion [was] that the occupants appear[ed] to be of Mexican ancestry"

United States v. Calandra

Holding that the exclusionary rule provides that "evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used in a criminal proceeding against the victim of the illegal search and seizure"

United States v. Martinez-Fuerte

Holding that border officers have "wide discretion" to stop, question, and refer individuals to secondary investigation at border checkpoints

United States v. Janis

Holding the exclusionary rule inapplicable to civil tax proceedings

Almeida-Sanchez v. United States

Holding that a search of a vehicle could be conducted without consent only if there was probable cause or a judicial warrant authorizing the search

Section 1252 - Judicial review of orders of removal

Holding court had no jurisdiction to review "any judgment regarding the granting of relief under section . . . 1229b"

Section 1251 - Transferred

Delineating crimes that make alien deportable

Section 1325 - Improper entry by alien

Penalizing improper entry into U.S. by virtue of willful false statement of material fact

Section 1225 - Inspection by immigration officers; expedited removal of inadmissible arriving aliens; referral for hearing

Setting standard for credible fear as "a significant possibility, taking into account the ... statements made by the alien ... and such other facts as are known to the officer, that the alien could establish eligibility for asylum"

Section 1254 - Repealed

Describing suspension-of-deportation eligibility

Section 1357 - Powers of immigration officers and employees

Granting immigration enforcement authority to state or local government officials in a formal agreement with a state or local government.

Section 1361 - Burden of proof upon alien

Providing that the burden of proof to show time, place, and manner of entry into the United States shifts to the alien once alienage is established

Section 2234 - Authority exceeded in executing warrant

Section 287.3 - Disposition of cases of aliens arrested without warrant

Requiring that an alien arrested without a warrant and placed in formal proceedings be apprised of the reason for his arrest, his right to representation, and that any statement he makes may be used against him in a subsequent proceeding

Section 100.2 - Reserved

Setting forth the organization and functions of the various divisions of the Immigration and Naturalization Service