(a)By an immigration judge. Unless otherwise prohibited in § 1208.13(c) , an immigration judge may grant or deny asylum in the exercise of discretion to an applicant who qualifies as a refugee under section 101(a)(42) of the Act. In no case shall an immigration judge grant asylum without compliance with the requirements of § 1003.47 concerning identity, law enforcement, or security investigations or examinations. (b)Approval by an asylum officer. In any case within the jurisdiction of USCIS, unless