Holding that a labor organization must represent all members of a "craft or class of employees . . . regardless of their union affiliations or want of them"
In Tunstall v. Brotherhood, 323 U.S. 210, the federal right was derived from the federal duty of the union to act as bargaining representative for all members of the union.
In Algoma P. V. Co. v. Wisconsin Empl. Rel. Bd., 336 U.S. 301, it was held that nothing in the Act precludes a state from prohibiting closed-shop contracts in whole or in part.
In Union Starch, the employees had tendered dues and an initiation fee but were denied membership in the union for refusal to file union application forms, attend a union meeting or take the union oath.
Holding that deduction of sum equal to union dues violates state constitutional amendment prohibiting employer from conditioning employment on union membership
In Meade, the company contended that since there was no difference between the payment of dues and actual membership in a labor organization, the agency-shop provision was unlawful.