411 U.S. 792 (1973) Cited 52,440 times 95 Legal Analyses
Holding in employment discrimination case that statistical evidence of employer's general policy and practice may be relevant circumstantial evidence of discriminatory intent behind individual employment decision
450 U.S. 248 (1981) Cited 20,012 times 9 Legal Analyses
Holding in the Title VII context that the plaintiff's prima facie case creates "a legally mandatory, rebuttable presumption" that shifts the burden of proof to the employer, and "if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff"
438 U.S. 567 (1978) Cited 2,165 times 4 Legal Analyses
Holding that a district court was "entitled to consider the racial mix of the work force when trying to make the determination as to motivation" in the employment discrimination context
416 U.S. 134 (1974) Cited 1,590 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding that federal statute authorizing discharge of federal employees for "such cause as will promote the efficiency of the service" was neither void for vagueness nor overbroad in light of "longstanding principles of employer-employee relationships" and "[the availability of legal counsel] to employees who [sought] advice on the interpretation of the Act and its regulations"