Concluding that—under Section 14(b) and the rule announced in General Motors Corp .—states may ban "agency shop" agreements by which employees have an "obligation to pay initiation fees and regular dues, ....[w]hatever may be the status of less stringent union-security arrangements ...."
487 U.S. 735 (1988) Cited 277 times 44 Legal Analyses
Holding that non-members could not be charged "to support union activities beyond those germane to collective bargaining, contract administration, and grievance adjustment"
Affirming Board's position narrowly construing section 8 because while "the Act does not forbid the union from demanding money in addition to `periodic dues' . . . it [i]s prevented from requesting the discharge of an employee who refuse to pay the additional charge."