501 U.S. 190 (1991) Cited 795 times 8 Legal Analyses
Holding that where a court must determine the validity of an arbitration agreement, it "cannot avoid that duty" just because the court must decide an issue on the merits
369 U.S. 736 (1962) Cited 710 times 29 Legal Analyses
Holding that "an employer's unilateral change in conditions of employment under negotiation" is a violation of the National Labor Relations Act because "it is a circumvention of the duty to negotiate"
Holding that oral modification of a collective bargaining agreement was ineffective in the presence of "an express zipper clause prohibiting modification except by written agreement"
Noting that when, among other factors, a new negotiator was substituted, "the lack of a significant bargaining history would dictate giving the parties a fuller opportunity to effect an agreement than occurred here"
Finding no impasse where “little substantive bargaining had taken place” during the parties' few negotiation sessions and the union had made proposals that “obviously were grist for the collective bargaining mill”
Concluding that union's dismissal of employer's proposals as "ridiculous" or a "slap in the face" did not constitute conclusive evidence of impasse, recognizing that "exaggeration, posturing and dilatory tactics . . . might be expected in labor negotiations"