487 U.S. 735 (1988) Cited 277 times 44 Legal Analyses
Holding that non-members could not be charged "to support union activities beyond those germane to collective bargaining, contract administration, and grievance adjustment"
Upholding "local union" presumption, in which local union relies on national union expenditures in estimating share of expenses devoted to collective bargaining activities, if adequately justified by circumstances