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holding that inmates have no right to pursue claims based on violations of internal DOC policies and procedures, except those related to inmate grievance procedures which are made available to all inmates
Summary of this case from Hall v. CoupeOpinion
Civil Action No. 05-399-JJF.
December 14, 2006.
James A. Wilson, et al., Pro se Plaintiffs.
Lisa Barchi, Deputy Attorney General, Delaware Department of Justice, Attorney for Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Presently before the Court is Defendants' Motion To Dismiss pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) with supporting memorandum (D.I. 80, 81), Plaintiff James A. Wilson's ("Plaintiff Wilson") Motion To Amend (D.I. 85), Defendants' Motion To Strike Plaintiffs' Sur-reply To Defendants' Motion to Dismiss (D.I. 102), and Plaintiff Wilson's Motion For Summary Judgment (D.I. 103). For the reasons set forth below, the Court will deny Defendants' Motion To Strike and grant in part and deny in part Plaintiffs' Motion To Amend. The Court will grant Defendants' Motion To Dismiss in part and deny it in part. The Court will deny Plaintiff Wilson's Motion For Summary Judgment.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff James A. Wilson and thirty inmates incarcerated within Delaware Department of Correction institutions filed this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. (D.I. 1.) A number of Plaintiffs have dismissed their claims and others have been dismissed by the Court. The following Plaintiffs remain in the case: James A. Wilson, Anthony Morris, Eldon Potts, Roderick Brown, Frank Williams, Jerome Green, Jose Serpa, James Johnson, Shaun Lee, and Nathan Henry.
The Amended Complaint (D.I. 27) contains several miscellaneous claims which were dismissed as frivolous pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. (D.I. 34.) The remaining claims allege that black inmates at the Sussex Correctional Institute ("SCI") are routinely denied their right to procedural due process pursuant to the Fourteenth Amendment during disciplinary hearings and security classification determinations. The Amended Complaint raises an equal protection claim, alleging that white inmates receive preferential treatment over similarly situated black inmates in security classifications and job placement. The Amended Complaint also alleges that Defendant Sgt. Mears ("Mears") used excessive force against Plaintiff Pedro Cintra ("Plaintiff Cintra") and that Defendant Cpl. J. Stozenbach ("Stozenbach") failed to protect Plaintiff Cintra in violation of the Eighth Amendment. Plaintiffs allege that Defendants, who are variously administrators, wardens, and other prison officials, were personally involved in the alleged violations.
II. DISCUSSION
1. Standard of Law
A. Motion To Dismiss
Rule 12(b)(6) permits a party to move to dismiss a complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). The purpose of a motion to dismiss is to test the sufficiency of a complaint, not to resolve disputed facts or decide the merits of the case. Kost v. Kozakiewicz, 1 F.3d 176, 183 (3d Cir. 1993). To that end, the Court assumes that all factual allegations in Plaintiffs' pleading are true, and draws all reasonable factual inferences in the light most favorable to Plaintiffs. Amiot v. Kemper Ins. Co., 122 Fed. Appx. 577, 579 (3d Cir. 2004). However, the Court should reject "unsupported allegations," "bald assertions," or "legal conclusions." Id. A Rule 12(b)(6) motion should be granted to dismiss a pro se complaint only when "it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief." Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 (1957)).
2. Rule 11
Defendants argue that the Complaint should be dismissed as a sanction pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 11. Defendants contend that Plaintiff Wilson perpetrated a fraud on the Court when he submitted the original complaint with an attached signature page, representing that all those who signed the page agreed to join the complaint, when in fact Plaintiff Wilson failed to make it clear to the inmates that they were signing on to a lawsuit.
Rule 11 requires that every pleading be signed by the parties filing it, or by the attorney for the parties. Fed.R.Civ.P. 11(b). Litigants who sign a pleading represent, inter alia, that the pleading "is not being presented for any improper purpose." Id. Section (c) of Rule 11 authorizes the Court to impose "an appropriate sanction" upon finding that "subdivision (b) has been violated" and giving notice and an opportunity to respond. Fed.R.Civ.P. 11(c). Dismissal, however, is only employed as a sanction in rare and limited circumstances, such as when a litigant makes untruthful statements or blatant misrepresentations to the Court, Joiner v. Delo, 905 F.2d 206, 207-08 (8th Cir. 1990), or fails to comply with an order of the Court.Vakalis v. Shawmut Corp., 925 F.2d 34, 36 (1st Cir. 1991).
In this case, it is not clear that a Rule 11 violation occurred. Plaintiff Wilson claims that every signer had knowledge that he and his co-plaintiffs were "petitioning the Court," and the signer who initially alleged that his name was put on the lawsuit "without permission" later admitted that he had signed the document without fully inquiring into its nature. (D.I. 84, Attach.) Plaintiff Wilson argued in his Reply that he duplicated the signature page for his Amended Complaint because he no longer had access to some of his fellow inmates. (D.I. 84, at 3.)
At this juncture, there is nothing to suggest that Plaintiff Wilson presented the Complaint for an "improper purpose." The Court cannot say that the conduct of Plaintiff Wilson rises to the level necessary to employ the drastic sanction of dismissing the case. Therefore, the Court will deny that portion of the Motion To Dismiss seeking dismissal pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 11.
3. Due Process
Any inquiry into whether Plaintiffs' Fourteenth Amendment Due Process rights have been violated must begin with the determination of whether the Amended Complaint implicates a protected liberty interest under the Due Process Clause. Meachum v. Fano, 427 U.S. 215, 223 (1976). A liberty interest can derive from the Due Process Clause itself or can be created by state statutes or prison regulations in situations where an "atypical and significant hardship in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life" is imposed. Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 483-84 (1995).
It is not the case that any adverse change in the conditions of a prisoner's confinement is sufficient to invoke the protections of the Clause. Meachum, 427 U.S. at 224. "Given a valid conviction, the criminal defendant has been constitutionally deprived of his liberty to the extent that the State may confine him and subject him to the rules of its prison system so long as the conditions of confinement do not otherwise violate the Constitution." Id. Specifically, a transfer of a prisoner from one building to another, or even from one institution to another, "is within the normal limits or range of custody which the conviction has authorized the State to impose." Id. at 225.
This Court has repeatedly held that Delaware has created no constitutionally protected liberty interest in a prisoner's security classification, Jackson v. Brewington-Carr, Civ. No. 97-270-JJF, 1999 WL 27124, at *3 (D. Del. Jan. 15, 1999), even when the change in classification is disciplinary. Blizzard v. Watson, 892 F.Supp. 587, 597 (D. Del. 1995). Additionally, inmates do not have a liberty interest in keeping particular prison employment. James v. Quinlan, 866 F.2d 627, 629-30 (3d Cir. 1989).
In order for an imposition on a prisoner's freedom from restraint to be considered "atypical and significant" so as to implicate a state-created liberty interest, the hardship must go beyond "what a sentenced inmate may reasonably expect to encounter as a result of his or her conviction in accordance with due process of law." Griffin v. Vaughn, 112 F.3d 703, 706 (3d Cir. 1997). As a general matter, "discipline by prison officials in response to a wide range of misconduct" does not meet this standard. Id. Even administrative segregation for punitive reasons does not violate a prisoner's liberty interest unless it represents "a dramatic departure from the basic conditions . . . of his sentence." Id.
Plaintiffs allege that one or more of them has been deprived of a job, a particular security classification and assignment to a particular building as discipline and without due process of law. As an initial matter, these deprivations do not involve Due Process Clause liberty interests, and fall well within the normal range of custody given the State after a valid conviction. As discussed, Delaware courts have held that the State has not created additional liberty interests in these areas. Given the policies and procedures of the Delaware prison system, prisoners do not have a reasonable expectation of employment, a particular security classification, or a particular building assignment, and deprivation of any of the above is in no way a "dramatic departure from the basic conditions" of a prisoner's sentence.
Because Plaintiffs' allegations do not implicate any protected liberty interests, there is no need for the Court to consider whether the procedures employed by SCI violated due process of law. The Court concludes that Plaintiffs have not stated a due process claim upon which relief can be granted against Defendants Hennessy, DeLoy, Warden Kearney, Stozenbach, and Hollis. Therefore, the Court will grant the Motion To Dismiss insofar as it seeks dismissal of the Due Process claim.
4. Equal Protection
Racial classifications within a prison system are evaluated under the same strict scrutiny as racial classifications generally, not the relaxed scrutiny given other prison policies and regulations under the standard set out in Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987). Johnson v. California, 543 U.S. 499, 505, 509 (2005). To be upheld, therefore, racial classifications must be found to be "narrowly tailored measures that further compelling governmental interests." Johnson, 543 U.S. at 505, (quotingAdarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200, 227 (1995)).
To establish racial discrimination, a plaintiff suing under § 1983 must show that the defendant public official acted with a discriminatory purpose as the motivating factor. Abdul-Akbar v. Department of Corr., 1995 Del. Ch. LEXIS 38, at *11 (Del.Ch. Mar. 30, 1995). While "an unequal application of a prison policy or system" can amount to racial discrimination, "conclusory assertions of racism are insufficient." Hill v. Thalacker, 399 F.Supp. 2d 925, 929 (W.D. Wis. 2005). Furthermore, to state a claim under § 1983, a plaintiff must allege that the defendant public officials played "an affirmative role in the deprivation of [the plaintiff's] rights." Pennsylvania v. Porter, 659 F.2d 306, 336 (3d Cir. 1981).
Plaintiffs are not merely making "conclusory assertions of racism." The alleged system-wide unequal application of prison policy claims not only that black inmates are consistently treated differently from similarly situated white inmates in job assignments, disciplinary actions, and security classifications, but also that SCI's Merit Building is racially segregated.
Defendants argue that Plaintiffs have not alleged any specific incidents of discrimination. Plaintiffs, however, specifically claim that Plaintiff Nathan Henry ("Plaintiff Henry") was sanctioned for a particular infraction in a way that a white inmate would not have been. (D.I. 27, at 4.) Defendants are incorrect in their assertion that Plaintiffs do not "state how the discrimination occurs." (D.I. 81, at 13.) Defendants also do not cite any support for their proposition that Plaintiffs must, before having a chance to perform discovery, name specific white inmates who received better treatment.
Plaintiffs have adequately alleged discriminatory purpose and personal involvement by Defendants. Plaintiffs assert that Defendants refer to the wing of the Merit Building that predominantly houses black inmates as the "bad side" and to the other wing as the "good side." (D.I. 27, at 5.) Plaintiffs further allege that Defendants Warden Kearney and Commissioner Taylor "maintain policies that denies [sic] black inmates equal protection." (Id.) "Personal involvement can be shown through allegations of personal direction or of actual knowledge or acquiescence." Rode v. Dellarciprete, 845 F.2d 1195, 1207 (3d Cir. 1988). Therefore, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs have stated a cognizable Fourteenth Amendment equal protection claim upon which relief can be granted against Defendants Kearney and Taylor, and will deny the Motion To Dismiss as it pertains to that claim.
5. Excessive Force/Failure to Protect
Defendants challenge Plaintiffs' Eighth Amendment excessive force claim against Defendant Mears on personal jurisdiction grounds, claiming that Plaintiffs have not effected service of process on Mears within the required time period of 120 days after filing the Complaint. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m).
The Amended Complaint alleges that Mears used excessive force against Plaintiff Cintra and that Stozenbach failed to protect Cintra from Mears. A review of the Court file indicates that Plaintiff Cintra was dismissed from the case for failure to take any action in the case and for failure to respond to the Court's Show Cause Order of September 13, 2006. (D.I. 114.)
It is apparent that Cintra chooses not to assert his rights. Notably, the remaining Plaintiffs do not have standing to bring the claims on his behalf. "The 'core component'" of the requirement that a litigant have standing to invoke the authority of a federal court "is an essential and unchanging part of the case-or-controversy requirement of Article III."DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno, — U.S.-, 126 S.Ct. 1854, 1861 (2006) (citations omitted). "A plaintiff must allege personal injury fairly traceable to the defendant's allegedly unlawful conduct and likely to be redressed by the requested relief."Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737, 751 (1984). Also, "a plaintiff must demonstrate standing separately for each form of relief sought." DaimlerChrysler Corp., 126 S.Ct. at 1867 (citations omitted).
The only way these claims can proceed is if Plaintiffs have third party standing. The Third Circuit determines the appropriateness of third-party standing with a three part test.Nasir v. Morgan, 350 F.3d 366, 376 (3d Cir. 2003) (citations omitted). "To successfully assert third-party standing: (1) the plaintiff must suffer injury; (2) the plaintiff and the third party must have a 'close relationship'; and (3) the third party must face some obstacles that prevent it from pursuing its own claims." Id.
There are no allegations that the remaining Plaintiffs suffered an injury as a result of an Eighth Amendment violation or that they have a close relationship with Cintra. Nor are there any allegations that Cintra faces some obstacle in pursuing his claims.
The Plaintiffs lack standing to pursue the excessive force and failure to protect claim. Therefore, the Court will grant the Motion To Dismiss the excessive force against Mears and the failure to protect claim against Stozenbach for lack of standing.
6. Qualified Immunity
Defendants assert that they are protected from civil liability by the doctrine of qualified immunity. Government officials are entitled to qualified immunity as long as they do not "violate clearly established statutory or Constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known." Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 (1982). Once a Constitutional violation can be established, the relevant question becomes whether reasonable officials in the defendants' positions could have believed their conduct to be lawful. Bounds v. Taylor, 77 Fed. Appx. 99, 105 (3d Cir. 2003).
Courts have been reluctant to grant officials qualified immunity against Fourteenth Amendment equal protection claims.See Gibson v. Superintendent of N.J. Dep't of Law and Pub. Safety — Division of State Police 411 F.3d 427, 441 (3d Cir. 2005) (denying state troopers qualified immunity because "it has long been a well-settled principle that the state may not selectively enforce the law against racial minorities"). The right to be free of racial discrimination is a clearly established Constitutional right. Assuming Plaintiffs' allegations to be true, reasonable officials in Defendant Taylor and Kearney's positions could not have believed lawful their maintenance of and acquiescence to racially discriminatory policies.
The Court concludes that the allegations in the Amended Complaint, viewed in the light most favorable to the Plaintiffs, sufficiently support assertions of clearly established constitutional rights, and thus Defendants Taylor and Kearney are not entitled to qualified immunity. Therefore, the Court will deny that portion of the Motion To Dismiss seeking dismissal on the basis of qualified immunity.
7. Eleventh Amendment Sovereign Immunity
Defendants correctly argue that the doctrine of sovereign immunity bars suits for monetary damages against state employees in their "official capacities," absent waiver or Congressional override. Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 169 (1985). There is no evidence that § 1983 intended to effect a Congressional override of state sovereign immunity. The statute has been held not to "provide a federal forum for litigants who seek a remedy against a State for alleged deprivations of civil liberties."Will v. Michigan Dep't of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 66 (1989). § 1983 authorizes suits against "persons," and a suit against a state official is "no different than a suit against a state itself." Id. at 71. "The state itself [is not] a person that Congress intended to be subject to liability." Id. at 68. Also, there is no indication that the State of Delaware has waived or abrogated its sovereign immunity with respect to § 1983 claims. Therefore, the Court will grant the Motion To Dismiss and dismiss the official capacity claims seeking monetary damages raised against Defendants.
B. Motion To Strike
Defendants argue that Plaintiffs' Memorandum of Points and Authorities In Support Of Their Opposition To Defendants' Motion To Dis[miss]/Summary Judgment, Amended Motion Support [sic] should be stricken as an improper sur-reply to Defendants' Motion To Dismiss. (D.I. 102.) Alternatively, Defendants argue that if the filing is a reply to Defendants' answering brief in opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion To Amend, it should be stricken because it "adds nothing new in support of [Plaintiffs'] claims." (D.I. 102, at 1.)
Construing the pro se filing liberally, the Court concludes that it was intended as a reply in support of Plaintiffs' Motion To Amend. As such, it clarifies contentions made in that Motion and responds to the arguments in Defendants' opposing brief. Accordingly, the Court will deny Defendants' Motion To Strike.
C. Motion To Amend
Plaintiffs' Motion To Amend recites several new allegations of unfair treatment, including moving Plaintiff Wilson from the Merit Building without cause and in retaliation for filing this and other civil lawsuits. (D.I. 85.) The retaliation claim names only Deputy Warden Deloy. Defendants argue that allowing such amendment would be futile because, in Defendants' view, Plaintiffs have not stated any cognizable Constitutional claims.
The Court must deny leave to amend if such an amendment would be futile. Lorenz v. CSX Corp., 1 F.3d 1406, 1413-14 (3d Cir. 1993). "In determining whether a proposed amendment is futile, the Court should apply the same standards as are applied to Rule 12(b)(6) motions to dismiss." Satellite Fin. Planning Corp. v. First Nat'l Bank, 646 F. Supp. 118, 120 (D. Del. 1986). The proposed amendment arguably asserts due process claims identical to the claims in the original complaint, and adds a retaliation claim. Because the Court will dismiss the original complaint's due process claims, it concludes that Plaintiffs may not amend to add additional due process claims that are substantively the same.
Defendants argue that Plaintiffs have not stated a cognizable claim for retaliation because they cannot satisfy the three-prong test established by Rauser v. Horn, 241 F.3d 330 (3d Cir. 2001). To allege retaliation, a prisoner must show that (1) "the conduct which led to the alleged retaliation was constitutionally protected"; (2) "he suffered some 'adverse action' at the hands of prison officials," one "sufficient to deter a person of ordinary firmness from exercising his constitutional rights," see also Allah v. Seiverling, 229 F.3d 220, 225 (3d Cir. 2000); and (3) a causal link between the conduct and the adverse action.Rauser, 241 F.3d at 333. Defendants claim that Plaintiffs have alleged none of these. Yet, the Motion to Amend clearly alleges that the conduct leading to the retaliation was Plaintiff Wilson's exercise of his constitutionally protected right of access to courts (D.I. 85, at 2), and pleads an adverse action in the form of transfer from the Merit Building to a housing unit with far fewer privileges. While Defendants are correct that such a transfer does not itself amount to a constitutional violation, the Court cannot conclude that a transfer to more restrictive housing would not deter inmates from exercising their right of access to the courts. The Court further concludes that the Motion to Amend sufficiently alleges a causal link between the conduct and the alleged adverse action.
Accordingly, the Court will grant Plaintiffs' Motion To Amend only insofar as it introduces a retaliation claim against Defendant Deloy. The Court will deny the Motion with respect to any new due process claims.
D. Cross Motion For Summary Judgment
1. Standard of Law
The Court shall grant summary judgment only if "the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). The moving party bears the burden of proving that no genuine issue of material fact exists. See Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586 n. 10 (1986). "Facts that could alter the outcome are 'material,' and disputes are 'genuine' if evidence exists from which a rational person could conclude that the position of the person with the burden of proof on the disputed issue is correct." Horowitz v. Federal Kemper Life Assurance Co., 57 F.3d 300, 302 n. 1 (3d Cir. 1995) (internal citations omitted). If the moving party has demonstrated an absence of material fact, the nonmoving party then "must come forward with 'specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.'" Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 587 (quoting Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(e)). The Court will "view the underlying facts and all reasonable inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion." Pennsylvania Coal Ass'n v. Babbitt, 63 F.3d 231, 236 (3d Cir. 1995).
The mere existence of some evidence in support of the nonmoving party, however, will not be sufficient for denial of a motion for summary judgment; there must be enough evidence to enable a jury reasonably to find for the nonmoving party on that issue. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 249 (1986). If the nonmoving party fails to make a sufficient showing on an essential element of its case with respect to which it has the burden of proof, the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986).
2. Facts
Plaintiff Wilson filed a Cross Motion For Summary Judgment (D.I. 103) arguing that since the filing of the Complaint he has been moved to the Delaware Correctional Center ("DCC"). Plaintiff Wilson alleges he lost his tutoring job and cannot earn good-time credits. Plaintiff Wilson claims his transfer to DCC is in retaliation for filing grievances. The Cross Motion For Summary Judgment contains no supporting case law or evidence and basically contains the same assertions as the Motion To Amend the complaint.
Defendants correctly respond that Plaintiff Wilson has no liberty interest in his security classification, employment or housing location. (D.I. 115.) Defendants point out that the Motion For Summary Judgment is almost factually identical to Plaintiffs' Motion To Amend.
Defendants submitted with their response the Affidavits of Patricia S. Ditto and Ron Hosterman. The affidavits indicate that Plaintiff Wilson was moved from the SCI Merit Building to a medium security building, and that due to the transfer Plaintiff Wilson had to leave his job as an educational assistant. (D.I. 115, Ditto aff.) Plaintiff Wilson was offered the opportunity to work either in the SCI kitchen or be transferred to the DCC Greentree program and he refused to make a choice. Id. It was decided that Plaintiff Wilson would be transferred to the Greentree program and he was transferred on June 5, 2006. Id. Plaintiff Wilson is currently enrolled in the Greentree program and a computer class and has the ability to earn good time credits. Id. at Hosterman aff.
3. Analysis
Plaintiff Wilson's argues that Defendants do not state the reason for his transfer to DCC. (D.I. 122.) He argues he was moved without due process and in violation of his right to equal protection. Plaintiff Wilson argues there is no reason for his transfer other than for retaliation.
Plaintiff Wilson, as the moving party, has the burden of proving that no genuine issue of material fact exists. He failed to meet his burden. According to Plaintiff Wilson, at issue is the reason for his transfer to DCC. Plaintiff Wilson argues, but provides no facts, that retaliation was the cause for his transfer. Defendants provided to the Court an affidavit averring that the cause for the transfer was Plaintiff Wilson's failure to make a choice to either work in the SCI kitchen or attend the DCC Greentree program. When no choice was made, Plaintiff Wilson was transferred to the DCC Greentree program.
Clearly, there remains a genuine issue of material fact. Summary judgment is inappropriate and the Court will deny Plaintiff Wilson's Motion.
III. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, the Court will grant Defendants' Motion To Dismiss Plaintiffs' Fourteenth Amendment due process claims against Defendants Hennessy, DeLoy, Kearney, Stozenbach, and Hollis, Plaintiffs' Eighth Amendment excessive force and failure to protect claims against Defendants Mears and Stozenbach, and all claims for monetary damages against Defendants Taylor and Kearney in their official capacities. The Court will deny Defendants' Motion To Dismiss on the basis of Rule 11. The Court will deny Defendants' Motion To Dismiss Plaintiffs' Fourteenth Amendment equal protection claims against Defendants Taylor and Kearney in their personal capacities. The Court will deny Defendants' Motion To Strike Plaintiff's Sur-reply To Defendants' Motion To Dismiss. The Court will grant Plaintiff Wilson's Motion To Amend insofar as it introduces a claim for retaliation against Defendant Deloy and deny it with respect to any new due process claims. Finally, the Court will deny Plaintiff Wilson's Motion For Summary Judgment. The claims that remain are the equal protection claims against Defendants Taylor and Kearney in their personal capacities, and the retaliation claim against Defendant Deloy in his personal capacity. An appropriate Order will be entered.
ORDER
At Wilmington, this 14 day of December 2006, for the reasons set forth in the Memorandum Opinion issued this date;
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:
1. Defendants' Motion To Dismiss (D.I. 81) is GRANTED with respect to Plaintiffs' Fourteenth Amendment due process claims against Defendants Hennessy, DeLoy, Kearney, Stozenbach, and Hollis, Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment excessive force and failure to protect claims against Defendants Mears and Stozenbach, and all claims for monetary damages against Defendants Taylor and Kearney in their official capacities.
2. Defendants' Motion To Dismiss (D.I. 81) is DENIED with respect to Rule 11 sanctions, and Plaintiffs' Fourteenth Amendment equal protection claims against Defendants Kearney and Taylor in their personal capacities.
3. Plaintiffs' Motion To Amend (D.I. 85) is GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART and Plaintiffs are allowed to raise a retaliation claim against Deputy Warden Mike Deloy in his personal capacity.
4. Defendants' Motion To Strike Plaintiffs' Sur-reply to Defendants' Motion To Dismiss (D.I. 102) is DENIED .
5. Plaintiff Wilson's Motion For Summary Judgment (D.I. 103) is DENIED .