Summary
holding that, pursuant to reasoning of Becerril-Lopez, a conviction under Nevada's robbery statute, which is similar to California Penal Code § 211, is a crime of violence under the Career Offender Guideline
Summary of this case from Alvarado v. United StatesOpinion
No. 08-10370.
The panel unanimously finds this case suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(a)(2).
Filed July 24, 2009.
Jason F. Carr, Federal Public Defender's Office, Las Vegas, NV, for the defendant-appellant.
Peter S. Levitt, United States Attorney's Office, Las Vegas, NV, for the plaintiffs-appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Nevada, Kent J. Dawson, District Judge, Presiding. D.C. No. 2:07-cr-00295-KJD-GWF.PA Before: BARRY G. SILVERMAN, RICHARD R. CLIFTON, and MILAN D. SMITH, JR., Circuit Judges.
David L. Harris appeals his sentence following his conviction for bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a). We review de novo the district court's determination that Harris qualified as a career offender under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1. United States v. Crawford, 520 F.3d 1072, 1077 (9th Cir. 2008). We affirm.
Harris's Nevada convictions for robbery and attempted robbery categorically qualify as crimes of violence under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2. Like the California statute we analyzed in United States v. Becerril-Lopez, 541 F.3d 881, 892 (9th Cir. 2008), any conduct Nev.Rev. Stat. § 200.380 that did not satisfy the generic definition of robbery, such as threats to property, would satisfy the generic definition of extortion. Harris's attempts to distinguish Becerril-Lopez based on Nevada's interpretation of the "fear of injury" requirement are inapposite: the California statute addressed in Becerril-Lopez also permitted a conviction based on "fear of an unlawful injury." 541 F.3d at 890-91. The Nevada statute's statement that "[t]he degree of force used is immaterial if it is used to compel acquiescence to the taking of or escaping with the property" also does not distinguish it from the California statute analyzed in Becerril-Lopez. See, e.g., People v. Garcia, 45 Cal.App.4th 1242, 1246, 53 Cal.Rptr.2d 256 (1996) ("[F]or purposes of the crime of robbery, the degree of force is immaterial"), overruled on other grounds by People v. Mosby, 33 Cal.4th 353, 15 Cal.Rptr.3d 262, 92 P.3d 841, 847 n. 2 (2004). Thus, like the California robbery statute analyzed in Becerril-Lopez, a conviction under Nev. Rev. Stat. § 200.380 categorically qualifies as a crime of violence for purposes of the career offender sentencing enhancement.
AFFIRMED.