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finding insufficient similarity between the defendant's “violent rape of an adult” and his “nonviolent sexual encounter with a minor”
Summary of this case from Kirkland v. StateOpinion
A03A1606.
DECIDED OCTOBER 17, 2003
Aggravated assault, etc. Decatur Superior Court. Before Judge Cato.
Robert R. McLendon IV, for appellant.
J. Brown Moseley, District Attorney, Ronald R. Parker, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.
Isaiah Perry was indicted for rape and aggravated assault with intent to rape. Following a trial, the jury found Perry guilty of aggravated assault and sexual battery, a lesser included offense of rape. In his sole enumeration of error on appeal, Perry contends that the trial court erred in admitting evidence of a similar transaction. We agree and thus reverse.
1. As a threshold matter, we must address the State's argument that Perry's failure to include a transcript from the similar transaction hearing bars our review of his allegation of error. As noted by the State, the burden is on the complaining party to compile a complete record of what happened at the trial level, and when this is not done, there is nothing for the appellate court to review. If a party fails to include a transcript that is necessary to resolve the issue on appeal, we presume the trial court acted correctly and affirm. Here, however, the hearing transcript is not necessary.
See Wright v. State, 215 Ga. App. 569, 570(2) ( 452 S.E.2d 118) (1994).
See id.
In Perry's sole allegation of error, he argues that the State failed to prove that the prior act was sufficiently similar to warrant its admission at trial. And the State is required to prove at trial that there is sufficient similarity and/or connection between the prior act and the crime charged "that proof that the accused committed the former tends to prove that the accused also committed the latter." As the error is alleged to have occurred during trial, the hearing transcript is not necessary to resolve the issue on appeal.
Williams v. State, 261 Ga. 640, 642(2)(c) ( 409 S.E.2d 649) (1991).
2. At trial, the State tendered evidence that, on October 4, 2001, the victim was walking down the street when she was accosted by Perry and Jerry Parris. Perry put a gun to the victim's head and ordered her to pull down her pants and get on her knees. The victim testified that both Perry and Parris raped her. Afterward, the victim fled to a friend's house, and the police were summoned. That night, the victim was taken to the hospital where a rape examination was performed. A subsequent DNA test on the sperm sample obtained during the examination matched Parris' DNA.
Parris was found guilty of rape, and this Court affirmed his conviction. See Parris v. State, 258 Ga. App. 49 ( 572 S.E.2d 728) (2002).
In support of its case against Perry, the State presented evidence of a similar transaction to demonstrate his "bent of mind and lustful disposition." Juan Cruz, a military investigator, testified that he interviewed Perry in January 1991 regarding his alleged involvement in the rape of a minor. At the time of the incident, Perry was 18. Cruz read from Perry's statement in which he admitted having intercourse with a 13-year-old girl. According to the statement, Perry did not threaten the girl, and he terminated the encounter when the girl told him to leave. Perry did, however, plead guilty to child molestation. On appeal, Perry contends that the trial court erred in admitting this evidence. We agree.
As this Court recently reiterated, we review a trial court's ruling as to the admissibility of similar transaction evidence under an abuse of discretion standard. And
See Hostetler v. State, 261 Ga. App. 237, 238(1) ( 582 S.E.2d 197) (2003).
in crimes involving sexual offenses, evidence of similar previous transactions is admissible to show the lustful disposition of the defendant and to corroborate the victim's testimony. The exception to the general rule that evidence of independent crimes is inadmissible has been most liberally extended in the area of sexual offenses.
Id.
Notwithstanding the liberal admission policy, in order to be admitted, similar transaction evidence should demonstrate a defendant's bent of mind or lustful disposition toward the sexual activity for which he is on trial. Such evidence cannot be admitted simply to show "that the defendant likely committed the crime because he is a person of bad character."
See Simpson v. State, 271 Ga. 772, 774(1) ( 523 S.E.2d 320) (1999) (defendant's possession of sexually explicit material inadmissible unless evidence shows lustful disposition or bent of mind toward crime charged).
Parrish v. State, 237 Ga. App. 274, 278-279(3) ( 514 S.E.2d 458) (1999); See Guyton v. State, 272 Ga. 529, 531(3) ( 531 S.E.2d 94) (2000).
Under the facts of this case, we fail to see how evidence regarding Perry's non-forcible sex with a minor can be equated with his alleged violent rape of an adult. In a recent case, this Court noted that the "rape of an adult woman would not show that [a defendant] had a lustful disposition toward children." Conversely, we do not believe that a non-violent sexual encounter with a minor shows a predilection to commit forcible rape against an adult.
See Bloodworth v. State, 173 Ga. App. 688, 689(1) ( 327 S.E.2d 756) (1985) ("Making a `pass' at an adult woman cannot be equated to molesting a six-year-old child, nor is it of sufficient similarity to necessarily show a lustful disposition on the part of appellant.").
Smith v. State, 249 Ga. App. 39, 41(1) ( 547 S.E.2d 598) (2001).
The State's argument does nothing to dissuade us. The State argues that the prior incident is similar because it too involved non-consensual sex. Specifically, the State points to the fact that the victim in the prior act, a minor, was incapable of consenting to the act. In Georgia, however, the offense of rape requires more than non-consensual sex; it requires the element of force. As this crucial element was absent in the similar transaction, the trial court abused its discretion in admitting evidence of it.
See OCGA § 16-6-1(a)(1).
The State contends that it presented evidence of force via Cruz's testimony that "the victim stated that she struggled and tried to push [Perry] off." As noted by Perry, however, this testimony is hearsay, which lacks probative value even if a party fails to object to the admission of such evidence. See Cordis v. State, 236 Ga. App. 629, 631(3) ( 513 S.E.2d 45) (1999).
Furthermore, we are unable to conclude that the error was harmless. The defense presented evidence that the interaction was consensual. And, although Perry was charged with rape, the jury acquitted him of this offense, finding him guilty of the lesser offense of sexual battery. Under these circumstances, we cannot characterize the evidence of Perry's guilt as overwhelming. It follows that Perry's conviction must be reversed.
See Bloodworth, supra (erroneous admission of similar transaction evidence subject to harmless error doctrine).
Cf. id. (ample admissible evidence demonstrated defendant's sexual proclivities).
Judgment reversed. Smith, C.J., and Miller, J., concur.