Opinion
Docket No. 51183.
Decided April 5, 1982.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Louis J. Caruso, Solicitor General, Peter D. Houk, Prosecuting Attorney, and Charles M. Sibert, Chief Appellate Attorney, for the people.
P.E. Bennett, Assistant State Appellate Defender, for defendant on appeal.
Defendant was convicted of breaking and entering an occupied dwelling with the intent to commit criminal sexual conduct in the second degree, MCL 750.110; MSA 28.305, and of assault with the intent to commit criminal sexual conduct in the second degree, MCL 750.520g(2); MSA 28.788(7)(2). The specific intent element of each charge involved an allegation that defendant intended to engage in sexual contact in which personal injury would result and that force or coercion was intended to accomplish the sexual contact. MCL 750.520c(1)(f); MSA 28.788(3)(1)(f).
On June 9, 1979, defendant broke into the complainant's apartment and attempted to perform cunnilingus on her. A struggle commenced, and when the complainant began screaming for her roommate, defendant told her to "shut up or he would kill her". The roommate awoke and succeeded in helping the complainant fight off defendant, who fled from the apartment. The complainant testified that she had no physical injuries but was sore and had been very scared.
Defendant first contends that the trial court committed reversible error in refusing to instruct the jury that the personal injury element of second-degree criminal sexual conduct requires more than just evidence of injury which necessarily occurs in any sexual assault. Basically, defendant argues that the trial court's instructions on the element of intent to cause personal injury failed to make a meaningful distinction between second-degree criminal sexual conduct and fourth-degree criminal sexual conduct.
Fourth-degree criminal sexual conduct is a necessarily included lesser offense of second-degree criminal sexual conduct, the only difference between them being the element of personal injury. People v Gorney, 99 Mich. App. 199; 297 N.W.2d 648 (1980). Personal injury is defined in MCL 750.520a(f); MSA 28.788(1)(f) as: "bodily injury, disfigurement, mental anguish, chronic pain, pregnancy, disease, or a loss or impairment of a sexual or reproductive organ".
Defendant's argument focuses on "mental anguish" as satisfying the additional element of personal injury in second-degree criminal sexual conduct. Citing People v Gorney, supra, defendant contends that mental anguish must be something more than the mental anguish a victim of any degree of criminal sexual conduct suffers.
In Gorney, this Court reversed the defendant's guilty plea to second-degree criminal sexual conduct because the sole reference to the complainant's personal injury was an acknowledgment by defendant that the complainant was "upset". This Court construed the term "mental anguish" to mean "extreme mental anguish" to avoid finding the statute unconstitutionally vague. The Court stated:
"We would conclude that if a victim is `upset', the element of mental anguish is not satisfied so as to justify a conviction of second-degree criminal sexual conduct. We must presume that the victim of any degree of criminal sexual conduct will be `upset' by the experience. Thus, the same act which may give rise to a felony charge of second-degree criminal sexual conduct could just as well constitute the misdemeanor offense of fourth-degree criminal sexual conduct." Gorney, supra, 206.
The argument of defendant is not convincing. Mental anguish is only one example of personal injury under the statute, which also includes "bodily injury". There was sufficient evidence produced during the trial to support a conclusion that the defendant intended to inflict bodily injury at the time of the breaking and entering and of the assault. During the struggle between the defendant and the victim, defendant threatened to kill her. The fact that defendant attacked the complainant after being discovered in her apartment and that he continued to struggle with her until her roommate appeared bolsters the position of the prosecution that personal injury was intended, whether it be mental anguish or bodily injury. This is fortified also by the testimony of the complainant that afterwards she was sore and frightened.
It is not necessary here to attempt to dissect People v Gorney, supra. this Court also refrained from doing so in People v Baker #2, 103 Mich. App. 704, 709; 304 N.W.2d 262, 264 (1981), although suggesting that the decision may be suspect. More than mental anguish is here involved and it is not a deciding factor. Additionally, Gorney did not concern jury instructions but rather addressed the issue of the requirements of a sufficient factual basis for acceptance of a guilty plea to criminal sexual conduct in the second degree. We hold that the decision in Gorney is not controlling here.
Examination of the instructions as a whole clearly leads us to the conclusion that the jury was not misled as to the proper elements to be considered in determining whether the offenses charged had been proved. Therefore, there was no error. People v Watts, 61 Mich. App. 309; 232 N.W.2d 396 (1975).
Defendant's second claim involves the trial court's failure to grant him substitute counsel. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant's request because no good cause for substitution of counsel was shown. People v Ginther, 390 Mich. 436; 212 N.W.2d 922 (1973), People v Gatewood, 103 Mich. App. 763; 304 N.W.2d 3 (1981).
The final issue concerns the sentence imposed upon defendant. The trial court assessed a single sentence of 5 to 15 years although defendant was convicted of 2 felonies. The sentence fits within the prescribed punishment for the breaking and entering conviction. MCL 750.110; MSA 28.305. However, it exceeds the limit contained in the section providing the punishment for assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct in the second degree. MCL 750.520g(2); MSA 28.788(7)(2). The maximum for that crime is five years; therefore the sentence was improper for that charge. This matter must be remanded for resentencing. People v Flinnon, 78 Mich. App. 380; 260 N.W.2d 106 (1977).
The defendant's convictions are affirmed, but this cause is remanded to the trial court for resentencing on the assault charge.
Remanded for resentencing.