Summary
using a vehicle without authority but without an intent to steal
Summary of this case from People v. WattsOpinion
Docket No. 65559.
Decided August 31, 1983.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Louis J. Caruso, Solicitor General, Joseph P. Kwiatkowski, Prosecuting Attorney, and Mary C. Smith, Assistant Attorney General, for the people.
State Appellate Defender (by Terence R. Flanagan), for defendant on appeal.
Defendant was convicted following a bench trial of using a vehicle without authority but without intent to steal, MCL 750.414; MSA 28.646. He was sentenced to two years probation and appeals as of right.
Defendant was originally charged with taking possession of and driving away a motor vehicle, MCL 750.413; MSA 28.645, a felony offense. The trial court issued an opinion finding defendant not guilty of the principal charge, concluding that defendant's intoxicated state negated the requisite specific intent. Defendant was, however, found guilty of using a vehicle without authority.
Defendant moved for a new trial, contending that the trial court's findings on the issue of intoxication should have defeated the intent required to support the misdemeanor, MCL 750.414; MSA 28.646. The court subsequently issued an opinion denying defendant's motion for a new trial. It held that while both the felony and misdemeanor were specific intent crimes, defendant's level of intoxication sufficed to negate only the intent element of the felony charge.
We affirm defendant's conviction for the reason that using a vehicle without authority is a general intent crime, and voluntary intoxication is thus not available as a defense.
Although uncertainty clouds the relationship between intoxication and criminal culpability, it is well established in Michigan that voluntary intoxication constitutes a defense to specific intent crimes. People v Guillett, 342 Mich. 1; 69 N.W.2d 140 (1955); Roberts v People, 19 Mich. 401 (1870). Whereas general intent is the intent simply to do the physical act, specific intent is "a particular criminal intent beyond the act done". People v Langworthy, 416 Mich. 630, 639; 331 N.W.2d 171 (1982), citing People v Depew, 215 Mich. 317, 320; 183 N.W. 750 (1921). The proper method of inquiry is to examine the statute at issue to see whether such a particular intent must be shown.
MCL 750.414; MSA 28.646 provides in relevant part:
"Any person who takes or uses without authority any motor vehicle without intent to steal the same, or who shall be a party to such unauthorized taking or using, shall upon conviction thereof be guilty of a misdemeanor."
To be convicted of this offense, a defendant must have intended to take or use the vehicle, knowing that he had no authority to do so. People v Crosby, 82 Mich. App. 1, 3; 266 N.W.2d 465 (1978), lv den 406 Mich. 971 (1979). Here no intent is required beyond that to do the act itself; this is a general intent only. See, e.g., People v Beaudin, 110 Mich. App. 147; 312 N.W.2d 187 (1981). The requirement that the defendant possess knowledge that his use of the vehicle is unauthorized does not raise a specific intent. This knowledge element constitutes the mens rea of the offense, as the intentional use of a vehicle, without more, is not a proscribed act. As such the knowledge element in this case reflects only the general criminal intent necessary in most crimes. People v Lane, 102 Mich. App. 11, 14; 300 N.W.2d 717 (1980).
The use of the word "knowledge", or a form thereof, in a criminal statute will in some cases denote a specific intent, People v American Medical Centers of Michigan, Ltd, 118 Mich. App. 135, 153; 324 N.W.2d 782 (1982), lv den 417 Mich. 985 (1983), while in other cases it will not, People v Gleisner, 115 Mich. App. 196; 320 N.W.2d 340 (1982). The context of its use will be determinative.
Defendant relies in part upon People v Lerma, 66 Mich. App. 566; 239 N.W.2d 424 (1976), lv den 396 Mich. 848 (1976), in which it was determined that the "joyriding" statute, MCL 750.413; MSA 28.645, was a specific intent crime. That decision was predicated upon considerations not present here and does not affect our result.
We hold that using a vehicle without authority, MCL 750.414; MSA 28.646, is not a specific intent crime. The suggestion in CJI 24:2:01 that a specific intent instruction must be given is not to be followed.
Affirmed.