Opinion
Crim. No. 325.
July 31, 1911.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Alameda County, and from an order denying a new trial. Wm. S. Wells, Judge.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Burton J. Wyman, for Appellant.
U.S. Webb, Attorney General, for Respondent.
The defendant was convicted of the crime of assault with a deadly weapon with intent to commit murder, and takes this appeal from the judgment and the order of the court denying his motion for a new trial.
The defendant did not offer himself as a witness, and the case was submitted to the jury upon the evidence produced by the people in support of the charge contained in the information. That evidence conclusively established a brutal, unprovoked and murderous assault with a deadly weapon by the defendant upon the person of his sister in law, Mrs. Hadley Kafoury. Not a single circumstance tending to excuse or mitigate the crime is revealed in the record before us.
The record shows that the defendant, who, for several months prior to the commission of the crime, had resided in the home of his brother in the city of Oakland, fired three shots from a pistol at the complaining witness. The first shot struck her in the hip a little below the waist line and shattered the bone. It was not due to any fault or lack of effort on the part of the defendant that he failed in his purpose to kill, but rather to the courage of the woman, who, upon the first shot being fired, grappled with the defendant in an endeavor to disarm him. During the struggle for the weapon the defendant fired two more shots without effect. At this juncture the complaining witness secured partial control of the weapon, and thereupon the defendant dragged her into an adjoining room, where he threw her to the floor and then, with his knees upon her chest, choked her until she lost consciousness. The defendant was prevented from executing his announced intention of killing the woman by the interposition of neighbors who were attracted to the premises by the screams of her children.
The complaining witness, over the objection of the defendant, was permitted to testify as to the location, nature and effect of the wound inflicted upon her by one of the shots fired at her. There was no error in this. A specific intent to kill is an essential element of the crime of assault with a deadly weapon with intent to commit murder. The intent in such a case, as in all criminal cases where intent is an ingredient of the crime charged, is a question of fact to be determined from all the circumstances of the case. The nature of the assault, and the location and character of the wound inflicted, are relevant and competent evidence of the existence of the intent necessary to support a charge of assault with a deadly weapon with intent to commit murder. ( Jowell v. State, 44 Tex. Cr. 328, [ 71 S.W. 286]; State v. Woodward, 84 Iowa, 172, [50 N.W. 885]; King v. State, 21 Ga. 220; State v. Grant, 144 Mo. 56, [45 S.W. 1102]; Williams v. Commonwealth, 19 Ky. Law Rep. 1427, [43 S.W. 455].)
Dr. E. A. Majors, the physician who attended the complaining witness immediately after the assault, was permitted, against the objection of the defendant, to testify that at the time of the assault upon the woman she was three months with child, and as the result of the assault suffered a miscarriage. The defendant's motion to strike out this testimony was denied. We think, under the peculiar circumstances of this case, that the rulings of the trial court admitting this evidence may be sustained upon the theory that the nature of the assault, the circumstances under which it was perpetrated, and the consequences resulting therefrom, were relevant and competent evidence.
The assault in this case was composed of a variety of incidents and results so intimately connected and blended with the use of a deadly weapon in the first instance as to make all or any one of them a part of the res gestae, and all or any one of those incidents and results were relevant and competent if they tended to elucidate, even in the slightest degree, the principal fact in issue, namely, the intent of the defendant to kill. The atrocity of the assault is some evidence of a malicious intent to kill. The words "malice" and "maliciously "import a wish to injure another, or an intent to do a wrongful act, established either by proof or presumption of law (Pen. Code, sec. 7, subd. 4); and the law presumes malice when the circumstances of the crime indicate that it proceeded from the promptings of an abandoned and malignant heart. In the case at bar the effect and consequences of the double assault committed upon the complaining witness indicate the force and violence of the assault, which in turn manifests in some degree the intent with which the crime was committed. No question was raised, and none could have been successfully raised, at the trial as to the right of the people to show, as they did in this case, that, as the result of the shooting the thigh bone of the complaining witness was shattered, and that she was and would be permanently lame in her walk. This was an incident arising immediately out of the commission of the crime, which tended to show the deadly force and violence of the shot fired at the complaining witness. The second assault and all of its attendant circumstances were essentially a part of the res gestae of the first assault, and therefore we take it that the result and consequences of the second assault were equally as admissible as a part of the res gestae as the result and consequences of the first assault. It was doubtless upon this theory that the supreme court of Texas affirmed the case of Jowell v. State, 44 Tex. Cr. 328, [ 71 S.W. 286]. That was a case where the charge was an assault with the intent to commit murder; and during the trial the physician who attended the assaulted person testified in effect that said person was in a very serious condition and might never recover, and that his right arm was paralyzed. The objection was made there that the evidence of the subsequent paralysis of the prosecuting witness was immaterial and irrelevant and shed no light upon the issues of the case, but the supreme court, in disposing of the point, said: "The description of the wound, the location of the ball and the production of paralysis were undoubtedly admissible."
The judgment and order appealed from are affirmed.
Hall, J., and Kerrigan, J., concurred.