Summary
In Parker v. Knight, 245 Ga. 782 (2), supra, the Supreme Court held: "In medical malpractice cases, the plaintiff must produce expert testimony in order to prevail at trial, unless actionable negligence clearly appears from other negligence.
Summary of this case from Larson v. Friedman SnyderOpinion
35860.
ARGUED MARCH 10, 1980.
DECIDED MAY 1, 1980. REHEARING DENIED MAY 20, 1980.
Certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Georgia — 152 Ga. App. 467 ( 263 S.E.2d 248) (1979).
Sidney L. Cottingham, for appellant.
Ben B. Mills, Jr., for appellee.
Where the defendant in a medical malpractice suit files a motion for summary judgment, introducing his own affidavit as an expert witness in support thereof, and the plaintiff fails to oppose the defendant's motion for summary judgment by introducing her own expert evidence, should the defendant's motion for summary judgment be granted? In this case, the Court of Appeals held that under these circumstances the defendant-physician's motion for summary judgment should not be granted, because his testimony as an expert is insufficient to pierce the allegations of the plaintiff's pleadings. We disagree.
1. In Howard v. Walker, 242 Ga. 406, 408 ( 249 S.E.2d 45) (1978), we held that, "in those cases where the plaintiff must produce an expert's opinion in order to prevail at trial, when the defendant produces an expert's opinion in his favor on motion for summary judgment and the plaintiff fails to produce a contrary expert opinion in opposition to that motion, then there is no genuine issue to be tried by the jury and it is not error to grant summary judgment to the defendant. Anderson v. Crippen, 122 Ga. App. 27 ( 176 S.E.2d 196) (1970); Dickerson v. Hulsey, 138 Ga. App. 108 ( 225 S.E.2d 464) (1976)." "Summary judgment under Georgia law is a proceeding where one must present his case sufficiently to raise an issue of fact or risk judgment going against him. See Summer-Minter Assoc. v. Giordano, 231 Ga. 601 ( 203 S.E.2d 173) (1974) and Allen Kane's Major Dodge, Inc. v. Barnes, 243 Ga. 776, 779 (n. 1) ( 257 S.E.2d 186) (1979)." Withrow Timber Co. v. Blackburn, 244 Ga. 549, 552 ( 261 S.E.2d 361) (1979).
2. In medical malpractice cases, the plaintiff must produce expert testimony in order to prevail at trial, unless actionable negligence clearly appears from other evidence. Shea v. Phillips, 213 Ga. 269 (2) ( 98 S.E.2d 552) (1957). (Actionable negligence does not appear from other evidence in this case.)
3. For the past 114 years, parties to a suit have not been incompetent to testify in their own behalf in this state. See Ga. L. 1866, pp. 138, 139, presently codified at Code § 38-1603. Code § 38-1603 states that no person offered as a witness shall be excluded by reason of being a party, except as provided therein. The exceptions provided in Code § 38-1603 are intended to be exhaustive. Lawson v. Prosser, 146 Ga. 421 (1) ( 91 S.E. 469) (1917) and cits. Nowhere does Code § 38-1603 state that defendants in medical malpractice suits are incompetent to testify in their own behalf unless their testimony is corroborated. This is in essence what the Court of Appeals has held here, and we think that this holding flies in the face of Code § 38-1603.
We conclude that under Howard v. Walker, supra, the trial court was correct in granting the defendant's motion for summary judgment.
4. Where the plaintiff in a medical malpractice suit is unable to present the affidavit of an expert witness on motion for summary judgment, Code Ann. § 81A-156 (f) (CPA § 56 (f)) authorizes the plaintiff to execute an affidavit to this effect and the court may, among other things, order a continuance to permit affidavits to be obtained. See Mead Corp. v. Masterack, 243 Ga. 213 ( 253 S.E.2d 164) (1979).
In this case, the plaintiff did seek to invoke CPA § 56(f) by her attorney's filing an affidavit in which he avers that he has been unable to obtain an affidavit opposing the defendant's motion for summary judgment because he has been unable to secure the plaintiff's medical records from her former physician. However, this CPA § 56 (f) affidavit was not served on the defendant until the day of the summary judgment hearing and was, therefore, untimely under Code Ann. § 81A-156 (c), which requires affidavits in opposition to a motion for summary judgment to be served on the adverse party prior to the day of the hearing. Since this affidavit was not served in a timely fashion, we are unable to say that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to delay the grant of the defendant's motion for summary judgment. See Gunter v. Nat. City Bank, 239 Ga. 496 ( 238 S.E.2d 48) (1977).
The judgment of the Court of Appeals, reversing the trial court's grant of the defendant's motion for summary judgment, is reversed.
Judgment reversed. All the Justices concur, except Undercofler, C. J., and Jordan, P. J., who dissent.
ARGUED MARCH 10, 1980 — DECIDED MAY 1, 1980 — REHEARING DENIED MAY 20, 1980.
I would affirm the holding of the Court of Appeals that the defendant-physician's motion for summary judgment could not be granted on the basis of his expert testimony alone. See my dissent in Howard v. Walker, 242 Ga. 406 ( 249 S.E.2d 45) (1978).
I would return to the bedrock cases of Ginn v. Morgan, 225 Ga. 192 (2) ( 167 S.E.2d 393) (1969) and Harrison v. Tuggle, 225 Ga. 211 (2) ( 167 S.E.2d 395) (1969) which clearly hold that summary judgment can never be granted on the basis of opinion evidence alone.
This is a majestic rule that should be followed.
I am authorized to state that Chief Justice Undercofler joins in this dissent.