Summary
In Parker v. Commonwealth, 254 Va. 118, 489 S.E.2d 482 (1997), the Court held that the "monetary element of [Code § 18.2-95] is measured by the value of the item actually stolen, not by the value of the entire property of which it is a part." Id. at 121, 489 S.E.2d at 484 (emphasis added).
Summary of this case from Camden v. CommonwealthOpinion
Record No. 961582
June 6, 1997
Present: Carrico, C.J., Compton, Stephenson, Lacy, Hassell, and Keenan, JJ., and Poff, Senior Justice
In this grand larceny prosecution, since the Commonwealth did not prove the value of the item stolen, the evidence was inadequate as a matter of law to establish the element of value beyond a reasonable doubt. The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed and the judgment of conviction is vacated. The case is remanded for a new trial on the charge of petit larceny.
Criminal Law — Grand Larceny — Petit Larceny — Value of Stolen Property
The defendant was convicted for stealing property valued at more than $200, in violation of Code § 18.2-95, for taking the handset of a cordless telephone unit. The victim of the theft testified that she had purchased the telephone unit about four months before the theft and evidence showed that she had paid approximately $240 for it. At the close of the evidence, the defendant asserted that the evidence showed nothing more than petit larceny because there was no evidence that the value of the handset alone was $200 or more. The trial court denied the motion and the defendant was found guilty of grand larceny. The Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court's judgment in an unpublished opinion and the defendant appeals.
1. Code § 18.2-95 (ii) defines grand larceny as simple larceny not from the person of another of goods or chattels of the value of $200 or more, and the value of the goods specified in the statute is an element of the crime which the Commonwealth must prove beyond a reasonable doubt.
2. While evidence that an article has some value is sufficient to sustain a conviction for petit larceny, when the value of the stolen item determines the grade of the offense, the Commonwealth must prove the value to be at least the statutory amount.
3. The value of stolen property is measured as of the time of the theft and the original purchase price may be admitted as evidence of its current value.
4. Opinion testimony by the owner of the stolen item generally is competent and admissible on the issue of the value of the property.
5. The monetary element of the statute is measured by the value of the item actually stolen, not by the value of the entire property of which it is a part and, therefor, the evidence of value presented in the case was inadequate as a matter of law to establish this element of the offense of grand larceny beyond a reasonable doubt.
Appeal from a judgment of the Court of Appeals of Virginia.
Reversed and remanded.
John P. Varney for appellant.
Marla Graff Decker, Assistant Attorney General (James S. Gilmore, III, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
The sole issue in this appeal of a grand larceny conviction is whether the Commonwealth proved beyond a reasonable doubt the value of the item stolen.
Steven Brently Parker was convicted in the Circuit Court of the City of Roanoke of stealing property valued at more than $200, in violation of Code § 18.2-95. The trial court received the evidence in a bench trial, and we state that evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the prevailing party in the trial court. Cheng v. Commonwealth, 240 Va. 26, 42, 393 S.E.2d 599, 608 (1990).
Shirley Mae Mills testified that Parker and a few other guests visited her home one evening in January 1995. After the guests left, Mills observed that the handset of her cordless telephone unit was missing, but that the base was left undisturbed. She stated that Parker returned to her house later the same evening and informed her that he had taken the handset. Mills notified the police, who then arrested Parker.
Mills testified that she purchased the cordless telephone unit in September 1994 for more than $200, and that the unit was in good condition when it was stolen. She stated that she would not have sold the unit for less than the amount she had paid for it.
Detective R.S. Kahl testified that Mills gave him the sales receipt for the cordless telephone unit, which showed that she had paid $239.99 for the unit. The receipt was admitted into evidence. Kahl further stated that Parker confessed he had taken the telephone handset from Mills and had sold it for about $25 to $50. Parker had signed a written statement to this effect which was received in evidence.
At the conclusion of the Commonwealth's evidence, Parker moved to strike the evidence of grand larceny. He asserted that the evidence showed nothing more than petit larceny, because there was no evidence that the value of the handset alone was $200 or more. The trial court denied the motion, stating that "the base of a cordless phone, without the rest of it, is of insubstantial value."
Parker did not present any evidence in the guilt phase of the trial. The trial court found him guilty of grand larceny, and sentenced him to five years' imprisonment, suspending three years and eleven months of that sentence. The Court of Appeals affirmed the trial court's judgment in an unpublished opinion.
On appeal, Parker contends that the evidence was insufficient to prove that the value of the handset alone was $200 or more. He argues that although Mills stated she purchased the cordless telephone unit for over $200, she did not testify regarding the separate value of the handset or the base, nor did she testify about the respective functions of these component parts. Parker further asserts that the trial court's factual determination that the base was of "insubstantial value" is not supported by the record.
In response, the Commonwealth argues that it established the value of the property stolen through Mills' testimony and the sales receipt. The Commonwealth contends that the trial court's factual determination that the base of the cordless telephone was of insubstantial value was not plainly wrong and, therefore, the judgment should not be disturbed on appeal. The Commonwealth further asserts that the cordless telephone unit was rendered inoperable by the loss of the handset and, thus, that the value attributable to the stolen handset should be the value of the entire unit. We disagree with the Commonwealth's arguments.
[1-2] Code § 18.2-95 (ii) defines grand larceny as "simple larceny not from the person of another of goods or chattels of the value of $200 or more." The value of the goods specified in the statute is an element of the crime which the Commonwealth must prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Walls v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 480, 481, 450 S.E.2d 363, 364 (1994); Knight v. Commonwealth, 225 Va. 85, 88, 300 S.E.2d 600, 601 (1983); Dunn v. Commonwealth, 222 Va. 704, 705, 284 S.E.2d 792, 792 (1981). While evidence that an article has some value is sufficient to sustain a conviction for petit larceny, when the value of the stolen item determines the grade of the offense, the Commonwealth must prove the value to be at least the statutory amount. Walls, 248 Va. at 481, 450 S.E.2d at 364; Wright v. Commonwealth, 196 Va. 132, 139, 82 S.E.2d 603, 607 (1954).
[3-4] The value of the stolen property is measured as of the time of the theft, and the original purchase price may be admitted as evidence of its current value. See Dunn, 222 Va. at 705, 284 S.E.2d at 792. The opinion testimony of the owner of the stolen item generally is competent and admissible on the issue of the value of that property. Walls, 248 Va. at 482, 450 S.E.2d at 364; Haynes v. Glenn, 197 Va. 746, 750, 91 S.E.2d 433, 436 (1956).
As stated above, the owner of the stolen property testified that she valued the cordless telephone unit at more than $200. The receipt for the purchase showed that she paid $239.99 for the entire unit only four months prior to its theft. There was no testimony, however, that the handset was worth $200 or more, and the Commonwealth did not present other evidence to prove that the value of the handset satisfied the required statutory amount. Moreover, there was no evidence supporting the trial court's finding that the base of the cordless telephone unit has no functional value without the handset.
We find no merit in the Commonwealth's argument that the value of a stolen component of a unit is the same as the value of the entire unit, if the unit is rendered inoperable by the theft. The monetary element of the statute is measured by the value of the item actually stolen, not by the value of the entire property of which it is a part. See Walls, 248 Va. at 481, 450 S.E.2d at 364; Wright, 196 Va. at 139, 82 S.E.2d at 607. Therefore, we conclude that the evidence of value presented in this case was inadequate as a matter of law to establish this element of the offense of grand larceny beyond a reasonable doubt.
For these reasons, we will reverse the Court of Appeals' judgment and the judgment of conviction will be vacated. This case will be remanded to the Court of Appeals with direction that it be remanded to the trial court for a new trial on the charge of petit larceny.
Reversed and remanded.