Opinion
June 10, 1999.
Appeal from the Supreme Court, New York County (Louise Gruner Gans, J.).
Dragone leased commercial space in Queens from defendant L.M.P. Realty. The landlord contracted with third-party defendant United Consulting Services for restoration of a building on the premises. During the construction, plaintiff, an employee of the subcontractor, third-party defendant Practical Constructors, was injured when he fell from a ladder whose legs allegedly, gave way.
Absolute liability under the Scaffold Act (Labor Law § 240 Lab. [1]) applies to "contractors and owners" at a work site. A lessee is liable under the statute only where it can be shown that it was in control of the work site, and one test of such control is where the lessee actually hires the general contractor ( Frierson v. Concourse Plaza Assocs., 189 A.D.2d 609, 611). Landlord L.M.P. had hired the contractor here. Lessee Dragone neither contracted for nor supervised the renovation work, had no authority over safety measures at the work site ( Santos v. American Museum of Natural History, 187 A.D.2d 420, 421-422), nor did it supply any of the safety devices such as the ladder from which plaintiff fell ( cf., Glielmi v. Toys "R" Us, 94 A.D.2d 663, affd 62 N.Y.2d 664). Therefore, Dragone's summary judgment motion should have been granted.
Plaintiff testified at deposition that after his fall, he noticed one of the ladder's legs was bent. Defendants challenged that allegation with photographic evidence that the legs of the ladder were still quite straight, with the swiveling rubber anti-skid footpads still intact. Defendants further offered the testimony of the subcontractor's president to the effect that plaintiff had been observed "skipping" the ladder, i.e., trying to move it while perched on it by jerking his body. Normally, such evidence of comparative causation cannot be used to diminish defendants' liability under the Scaffold Act ( MacNair v. Salamon, 199 A.D.2d 170, 172). Furthermore, the subcontracting executive's testimony was based on hearsay. However, in opposing a motion for summary judgment, hearsay evidence may be utilized as long as it is not the only evidence submitted ( Koren v. Weihs, 201 A.D.2d 268, 269). Here, the hearsay observations of plaintiff's activity on the ladder are accompanied by the photographic evidence contradicting plaintiff's assertion of defective equipment. A plausible defense theory, supported by evidence, has thus placed plaintiff's credibility in issue, rendering this action inappropriate for summary disposition in his favor.
Concur — Nardelli, J.P., Wallach, Lerner, Andrias and Buckley, JJ.