Summary
dismissing the Sheriff's Department as a party when a complaint included both the Department and the County
Summary of this case from Wekenmann v. Erie Cnty. Sheriff's OfficeOpinion
07-07-2017
Kari Ann FULL, Individually, and as Permanent Guardian of Shane D. Full, Plaintiff–Appellant, v. MONROE COUNTY SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT, Monroe County Sheriff, City of Rochester, City of Rochester Police Department, Town of Greece, County of Monroe, Monroe County Airport Authority, Defendants–Respondents, et al., Defendant. (Appeal No. 3.).
Hogan Willig, PLLC, Amherst (Linda Lalli Stark of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Appellant. Michael E. Davis, County Attorney, Rochester (Matthew D. Brown of Counsel), for Defendants–Respondents Monroe County Sheriff's Department, Monroe County Sheriff, County of Monroe, and Monroe County Airport Authority. Gallo & Iacovangelo, LLP, Rochester (John C. Palermo of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent Town of Greece. Brian F. Curran, Corporation Counsel, Rochester (John M. Campolieto of Counsel), for Defendants–Respondents City of Rochester and City of Rochester Police Department.
Hogan Willig, PLLC, Amherst (Linda Lalli Stark of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Appellant.Michael E. Davis, County Attorney, Rochester (Matthew D. Brown of Counsel), for Defendants–Respondents Monroe County Sheriff's Department, Monroe County Sheriff, County of Monroe, and Monroe County Airport Authority.
Gallo & Iacovangelo, LLP, Rochester (John C. Palermo of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent Town of Greece.
Brian F. Curran, Corporation Counsel, Rochester (John M. Campolieto of Counsel), for Defendants–Respondents City of Rochester and City of Rochester Police Department.
PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., DeJOSEPH, CURRAN, AND WINSLOW, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Plaintiff, individually and as permanent guardian of her husband, Shane D. Full (Full), commenced this negligence action against, inter alia, defendants County of Monroe, the Monroe County Sheriff, the Monroe County Sheriff's Department, and the Monroe County Airport Authority (collectively, County defendants), the City of Rochester and the City of Rochester Police Department (collectively, City defendants), and the Town of Greece, seeking damages for injuries sustained by Full when he was struck by a motor vehicle. On the day of the accident, the County of Monroe (County) sponsored an air show at Ontario Beach Park, which is owned by the City of Rochester (City) and operated by the County. To accommodate the vehicular traffic in the vicinity of the air show, an inter-agency task force involved in the planning of the air show temporarily designated Beach Avenue, normally a two-way street, as a one-way street in which the traffic could travel only westbound. Side streets were barricaded, and parking was banned along the length of the Beach Avenue corridor. Just prior to the accident, Full drove along the corridor, pulled into a private driveway, exited his vehicle, and crossed the street to seek parking advice from pedestrians. As Full re-crossed the street, he was struck by an oncoming vehicle, suffering severe brain injuries.
The County defendants, City defendants, and the Town of Greece moved separately for summary judgment dismissing the complaint against them. In appeal No. 3, plaintiff appeals from a judgment that granted the motions and dismissed the complaint against those defendants. The order and amended order appealed from in appeal Nos. 1 and 2, respectively, were subsumed within the judgment appealed from in appeal No. 3 (see Matter of Aho, 39 N.Y.2d 241, 248, 383 N.Y.S.2d 285, 347 N.E.2d 647 ). Thus, we dismiss the appeals from the order and amended order in appeal Nos. 1 and 2. In appeal No. 3, we affirm.
At the outset, we note that on appeal plaintiff does not challenge Supreme Court's dismissal of the complaint against the Monroe County Sheriff and the Town of Greece, and we therefore deem any issues with respect to those defendants abandoned (see Ciesinski v. Town of Aurora, 202 A.D.2d 984, 984, 609 N.Y.S.2d 745 ). Moreover, we conclude that the court properly granted that part of the County defendants' motion seeking dismissal of the complaint against the Monroe County Sheriff's Department on the ground that it is not a proper party. "[A] Sheriff's Department does not have a legal identity separate from the County ..., and thus an ‘action against the Sheriff's Department is, in effect, an action against the County itself’ " ( Johanson v. County of Erie, 134 A.D.3d 1530, 1531–1532, 22 N.Y.S.3d 763 ).
With respect to the merits, contrary to plaintiff's contention, we conclude that the creation of the Beach Avenue corridor was a governmental function, and thus, the allegedly negligent conversion of Beach Avenue into a one-way street is not actionable in the absence of a special duty to Full (see McLean v. City of New York, 12 N.Y.3d 194, 199, 878 N.Y.S.2d 238, 905 N.E.2d 1167 ). "[T]raffic regulation is a classic example of a governmental function" ( Balsam v. Delma Eng'g Corp., 90 N.Y.2d 966, 968, 665 N.Y.S.2d 613, 688 N.E.2d 487 ), and the governmental function of traffic regulation of the County, the Monroe County Airport Authority and the City defendants (hereafter, defendants) did not become a proprietary function merely because it was undertaken in furtherance of the proprietary air show (see Bailey v. City of New York, 102 A.D.3d 606, 606, 959 N.Y.S.2d 58 ; Devivo v. Adeyemo, 70 A.D.3d 587, 587, 894 N.Y.S.2d 747 ). Plaintiff does not allege that defendants failed in their responsibility to physically maintain Beach Avenue, which would be a breach of a proprietary duty (see Balsam, 90 N.Y.2d at 968, 665 N.Y.S.2d 613, 688 N.E.2d 487 ), and defendants' traffic regulation cannot be considered "integral" to the proprietary air show.
We further conclude that defendants established as a matter of law that they did not have a special duty to Full. To prove a special duty to Full, plaintiff "must establish ‘[t]he elements of a special relationship includ[ing] ... direct contact between the municipalit[ies'] agents and [Full], and [Full's] justifiable reliance ... on the municipalit[ies'] affirmative promise to act’ " ( Bynum v. Camp Bisco, LLC, 135 A.D.3d 1060, 1061, 22 N.Y.S.3d 677 ). Defendants met their initial burden of establishing as a matter of law that there was no special duty inasmuch as Full did not have any direct contact with any of defendants' representatives, and plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact (see generally Zuckerman v. City of New York, 49 N.Y.2d 557, 562, 427 N.Y.S.2d 595, 404 N.E.2d 718 ). Thus, no special duty existed, and any alleged negligent act with respect to the creation of the Beach Avenue corridor is not actionable (see Bynum, 135 A.D.3d at 1062, 22 N.Y.S.3d 677 ; Rollins v. New York City Bd. of Educ., 68 A.D.3d 540, 541, 889 N.Y.S.2d 456 ; McPherson v. New York City Hous. Auth., 228 A.D.2d 654, 655, 646 N.Y.S.2d 16 ). In the absence of a special duty, plaintiff's remaining contention regarding defendants' governmental function immunity defense is rendered academic (see Valdez v. City of New York, 18 N.Y.3d 69, 84, 936 N.Y.S.2d 587, 960 N.E.2d 356 ).
We agree with plaintiff that the court erred in determining that plaintiff's cause of action for negligence under state law against defendants is preempted by federal law (see generally Summers v. Delta Airlines, 805 F.Supp.2d 874, 886–887 ). Furthermore, the alleged negligence of defendants in sponsoring the air show, including their decision to locate the show at Ontario Beach Park and their alleged failure to keep greater distance between the purportedly distracting planes and nearby pedestrians and drivers, arose from proprietary functions and thus are " ‘subject to the same principles of tort law as a private [party]’ " ( Matter of World Trade Ctr. Bombing Litig., 17 N.Y.3d 428, 446, 933 N.Y.S.2d 164, 957 N.E.2d 733 ). We conclude, however, that defendants established as a matter of law that any negligent operation of the air show was not a proximate cause of Full's injuries. The undisputed evidence establishes that neither Full nor the driver of the vehicle was distracted by the overhead airplanes in the moments before the accident, and plaintiff has failed to raise any triable issues of fact (see generally Zuckerman, 49 N.Y.2d at 562, 427 N.Y.S.2d 595, 404 N.E.2d 718 ; Ventricelli v. Kinney Sys. Rent A Car, 45 N.Y.2d 950, 952, 411 N.Y.S.2d 555, 383 N.E.2d 1149, mot. to amend remittitur granted 46 N.Y.2d 770, 413 N.Y.S.2d 655, 386 N.E.2d 263 ; Giresi v. City of New York, 125 A.D.3d 601, 603–604, 3 N.Y.S.3d 88, lv. denied 26 N.Y.3d 901, 2015 WL 5123614 ).
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.