Summary
analyzing claim for emotional distress asserted directly against plaintiff's employer based on its alleged "acquiescence" to a fellow employee's improper behavior
Summary of this case from Benacquista v. SprattOpinion
2002-05434
Argued May 16, 2003.
June 9, 2003.
In an action, inter alia, to recover damages for intentional infliction of emotional distress, the defendant appeals from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Richmond County (Maltese, J.), dated May 17, 2002, as denied that branch of its motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the third cause of action to recover damages for intentional infliction of emotional distress, and the plaintiff cross-appeals from so much of the same order as granted those branches of the motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the causes of action to recover damages for discrimination based upon disability, breach of contract, and fraud.
Marc E. Bernstein, New York, N.Y. (Connelly Sheehan Moran [P. Kevin Connelly] of counsel), for appellant-respondent.
Farley and Farley, Scotia, N.Y. (Edward Sawchuk and John T. Casey, Jr., of counsel), for respondent-appellant.
Before: MYRIAM J. ALTMAN, J.P., ANITA R. FLORIO, THOMAS A. ADAMS, REINALDO E. RIVERA, JJ.
DECISION ORDER
ORDERED that the order is reversed insofar as appealed from, on the law, that branch of the motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the third cause of action to recover damages for intentional infliction of emotional distress is granted, and the complaint is dismissed in its entirety; and it is further,
ORDERED that the order is affirmed insofar as cross-appealed from; and it is further,
ORDERED that one bill of costs is awarded to the defendant.
The plaintiff was recruited to work for the defendant American International Group, Inc. (hereinafter AIG), in 1975. She left her prior position because the AIG job paid a higher salary and had better growth potential. The plaintiff did not recall turning down other job offers when she accepted the position at AIG, and she did not have a written employment contract with AIG. The plaintiff received an employee handbook after she commenced employment.
In 1987 the plaintiff was transferred to AIG's Milan, Italy office. She had business conflicts with the local general manager (hereinafter the manager). The plaintiff claimed that the manager sabotaged her performance in the Milan office by failing to promptly hire a secretary for her, countermanding the instructions she gave to her assistant, lying to her superiors about her whereabouts when she was out on sick leave and attributing expenses to her which were incurred by other employees. Additionally, the plaintiff alleged that the manager made sexually offensive remarks to her and suggested that she give sexual favors to important brokers to improve business.
When her New York supervisor visited the Milan office in April 1990, the plaintiff allegedly complained to him about the situation. The supervisor advised the plaintiff that she was being transferred back to New York. She agreed with her supervisor that she would obtain medical attention for a back injury and would report to work in New York on July 19, 1990. The plaintiff's back condition worsened and she was unable to return to work. The plaintiff alleged that her employment was terminated while she was receiving company-provided disability benefits.
This action was commenced in August 1991. The plaintiff alleged that her employment was terminated due to her disability in violation of Executive Law § 296 and interposed causes of action alleging discrimination based upon disability, intentional infliction of emotional distress, breach of contract, and fraud. After discovery, the Supreme Court granted those branches of the defendant's motion for summary judgment which were to dismiss the causes of action to recover damages for discrimination based on disability, breach of contract, and fraud, and denied that branch of the motion which was to dismiss the cause of action to recover damages for intentional infliction of emotional distress.
Contrary to the determination of the Supreme Court, the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact in opposition to the defendant's prima facie showing of entitlement to judgment dismissing the cause of action to recover damages for intentional infliction of emotional distress. Therefore, that cause of action should have been dismissed (see Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp., 68 N.Y.2d 320) . The conduct of the manager and AIG's alleged acquiescence did not constitute the extreme and outrageous conduct which is necessary to sustain a cause of action alleging intentional infliction of emotion distress (see Howell v. New York Post Co., 81 N.Y.2d 115, 121; Murphy v. American Home Prods Corp., 58 N.Y.2d 293, 303; Ferrandino v. Bart Sons, 247 A.D.2d 428). Moreover, the defendant's act of terminating the plaintiff's employment may not form the basis of an intentional infliction of emotional distress cause of action in circumvention of the at-will employment rule in New York (see Murphy v. American Home Prods. Corp., supra at 303; Doyle v. Doyle-Koch Agency, 249 A.D.2d 357).
The Supreme Court properly granted the defendant summary judgment on the remaining three causes of action. The plaintiff's deposition testimony that she suffered from a disability which prevented her from performing the duties of her former job in a reasonable manner was fatal to her claim under Executive Law § 296 (see Kwarren v. American Airlines, 303 A.D.2d 722 [2d Dept, Mar. 31, 2003]; Disanto v. McGraw Hill, Inc./Platt's Div., 220 F.3d 61, 63-64; Matter of McEniry v. Landi, 84 N.Y.2d 554, 558; Lawson v. High Bar Wholesale Food Distribs., 217 A.D.2d 646; DiGeronimo v. First Nationwide Bank, 209 A.D.2d 575).
Similarly, after the defendant made out a prima facie case for summary judgment dismissing the causes of action alleging breach of contract and fraud, the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact (see Horn v. New York Times, 100 N.Y.2d 85 [Feb. 25, 2003]; Lobosco v. New York Tel. Co./NYNEX, 96 N.Y.2d 312, 316-317; Sabetay v. Sterling Drug, 69 N.Y.2d 329, 335; Weiner v. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 57 N.Y.2d 458; Montchal v. Northeast Sav. Bank, 243 A.D.2d 452).
In light of our determination, we need not reach the defendant's remaining contentions.
The plaintiff's remaining contentions either are raised for the first time on appeal or without merit.
ALTMAN, J.P., FLORIO, ADAMS and RIVERA, JJ., concur.