Opinion
May 6, 1999
Appeal from the Supreme Court (Donohue, J.).
On August 10, 1993, plaintiff Suzanne J. Dickinson (hereinafter plaintiff) was ascending the basement stairs of her home with a box of Handi-Wrap brand plastic wrap in her hand when she fell. Plaintiff allegedly sustained a laceration to the base of her right thumb from the serrated edge of the Handi-Wrap box. Defendants moved for summary judgment dismissing plaintiffs' complaint which was granted by Supreme Court on the basis that the alleged negligence and products liability were not a proximate cause of plaintiff's injury.
Regardless of whether an action is pleaded as a products liability, negligence or breach of warranty cause of action, a plaintiff must demonstrate that the alleged defect was a proximate cause of the injury ( see, Nitz v. Gusmer Corp., 245 A.D.2d 929). However, in determining whether "defendant's negligence was a substantial cause of the events which produced the injury" ( Derdiarian v. Felix Contr. Corp., 51 N.Y.2d 308, 315), a superseding act may intervene between the defendant's conduct and the plaintiff's injury. Where a superseding act is not foreseeable in the normal course of events, or independent of or far removed from the defendant's conduct, it breaks the causal nexus ( see, id., at 315; Smith v. Stark, 67 N.Y.2d 693, 694).
Based on a review of the record, we conclude that the sole proximate cause of plaintiff's injury was her fall, and this independent and intervening act was "so attenuated from the defendants' conduct that responsibility for the injury should not reasonably be attributed to them" ( Gordon v. Eastern Ry. Supply, 82 N.Y.2d 555, 562), thereby severing any alleged negligence or strict products liability. Therefore, any alleged negligence or defect in the product was not a proximate cause of plaintiff's injury, especially in light of the fact that plaintiff acknowledged that had she not slipped and fallen on the step, she would not have cut her hand ( see, Nitz v. Gusmer, supra; Knickerbocker v. De Mars, 147 A.D.2d 739).
We also reject plaintiffs' contention that the lack of warnings on the box necessitated a denial of defendants' motion. As a general rule, where a warning would merely inform a plaintiff of a risk of which he or she was already aware, a manufacturer is not held liable ( see, Kelly v. Academy Broadway Corp., 206 A.D.2d 794; Baptiste v. Northfield Foundry Mach. Co., 184 A.D.2d 841, 843; Lombard v. Centrico, Inc., 161 A.D.2d 1071, 1072). Here, plaintiff testified in her deposition that she was well aware of the serrated edge of the box and that it was sharp, and therefore defendants should not be held liable for their alleged failure to warn.
Cardona, P. J., Crew III, Peters and Carpinello, JJ., concur.
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed, with costs.