Summary
In Alberti, Angelo Alberti "was incarcerated in Allegheny County following a verdict of the Coroner's Jury that he be held to await the action of the Grand Jury on a charge of murder."
Summary of this case from Commonwealth v. TalleyOpinion
Argued October 7, 1963.
November 12, 1963.
Criminal law — Constitutional law — Constitution of Pennsylvania — Article I, § 14 — Right to bail — Capital offense.
1. A capital offense, within the meaning of Article I, § 14, of the Constitution of Pennsylvania (which provides "All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses when the proof is evident or presumption great; . . .") is a crime for which the death penalty may, but need not, be inflicted. [400]
2. The words "when the proof is evident or presumption great" in Article I, § 14, of the Constitution of Pennsylvania mean evidence, together with all reasonable inferences therefrom, which is sufficient in law to sustain a verdict of murder in the first degree; and in the absence of such evidence, a prisoner is entitled to bail. [400-401]
3. An application for bail in a homicide case should be decided on the basis of the testimony which is presented by the Commonwealth at the hearing on that application; the practice of deciding this issue on the basis of the testimony presented at a coroner's inquest is condemned and is not to be followed. [401]
Before BELL, C. J., MUSMANNO, JONES, COHEN, EAGEN, O'BRIEN and ROBERTS, JJ.
Appeal, No. 179, March T., 1963, from order of Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, July T., 1963, No. 2147, in case of Commonwealth ex rel. Angelo Alberti v. Edward C. Boyle, District Attorney. Case remanded.
Habeas corpus.
Order entered giving relator leave to post bail pending his appearance at trial, opinion by ALDISERT, J. Commonwealth appealed.
Martin Lubow, Assistant District Attorney, with him Louis Abromson and Samuel Strauss, Assistant District Attorneys, for appellant.
Ralph S. Sapp, with him Porsche, Schuchert Sapp, for appellee.
Alberti was incarcerated in Allegheny County following a verdict of the Coroner's Jury that he be held to await the action of the Grand Jury on a charge of murder. He thereupon filed in the Common Pleas Court a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, asking that he be admitted to bail. At the hearing upon this petition the Commonwealth offered in evidence the record of the proceedings before the Coroner. Upon consideration of such record the Court admitted the relator to bail, and from that Order the District Attorney has appealed.
Each party relies upon § 14 of Article I, of the Constitution of our Commonwealth, which pertinently provides: "All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses when the proof is evident or presumption great; . . . ."
This case raises several very important questions. There are no appellate decisions construing this Constitutional provision but it has been considered in the county court cases found in the footnote. A "capital offense" within the meaning of the Constitution means a crime of such a character that the penalty or sentence of death may be imposed even though the crime is punishable by death or life imprisonment, or by a lesser sentence. 8 Am.Jur.2d, Bail and Recognizance, § 30, p. 801; 8 C.J.S., Bail, § 34, p. 66; Wharton's Criminal Law and Procedure, 1957 Ed., § 1811, p. 652; Black's Law Dictionary, 4th Ed., p. 263, Capital Case or Crime. In other words, a capital offense is a crime for which the death penalty may, but need not be inflicted. Lee v. State, 31 Ala. App. 91, 13 So.2d 583, 587. We are likewise convinced that the words in Section 14 "when the proof is evident or presumption great" mean that if the Commonwealth's evidence which is presented at the bail hearing, together with all reasonable inferences therefrom, is sufficient in law to sustain a verdict of murder in the first degree, bail should be refused. It follows that in the absence of such evidence, the prisoner is entitled to bail.
Commonwealth ex rel. Chauncey and Nixon v. Keeper of the Prison, 2 Ashm. 227, 234 (Philadelphia County, 1838); Commonwealth v. Lemley, 10 P. L. J. 122 (Greene County, 1862); Commonwealth ex rel. v. Manley, 60 Pa. D. C. 194 (Lackawanna County, 1947); Commonwealth v. Scarsellato, 35 Wn. 234 (1955); contra, Commonwealth ex rel. Condello v. Ingham, 54 Pa. D. C. 253 (Lawrence County, 1945).
See particularly the opinion of President Judge KING in Commonwealth ex rel. Chauncey and Nixon v. Keeper of the Prison, 2 Ashm., supra, 227, 234.
The practice followed in the present case and in a number of lower Court cases of deciding this very important question on the basis of the testimony presented at a coroner's inquest is condemned and is no longer to be followed. In application for bail in a homicide case, a decision should be made on the basis of the testimony which is presented by the Commonwealth at that hearing, and, of course, under the pertinent tests hereinabove set forth.
The case is remanded to the lower Court for the taking of testimony and an Order based thereon.