Summary
holding that, where the relevant business was construction, "the stacking of sheetrock . . . constituted the final act of delivery, not an act of construction"
Summary of this case from Glenn v. LafonOpinion
42230 Record No. 6941.
June 16, 1969
Present, All the Justices.
Workmen's Compensation — Tort Action — Other Party.
Plaintiff, an employee of a trucking company which delivered sheetrock to a construction job, was injured while carrying sheetrock into the homes under construction. After receiving workmen's compensation plaintiff sues general contractor in tort. Carrying and stacking of sheetrock constituted final act of delivery and not an act of construction. General contractor was an "other party" and tort action not barred.
Error to a judgment of the Circuit Court of Prince William County. Hon. Arthur W. Sinclair, judge presiding.
Reversed and remanded.
H. Shepherd Lippincott (Lippincott Holst, on brief), for plaintiff in error.
Charles H. Duff (Duff, Slenker Brandt, on brief), for defendants in error.
The sole issue presented is whether the Workmen's Compensation Act bars this tort action.
Defendant Lindsey Waldron Construction Company was the general contractor for the construction of homes in a subdivision in Fairfax County known as Carriage Hill Estates. Under a contract with Lindsey Waldron, Cherrydale Cement Block Company agreed to supply sheetrock for use in walls inside the homes. For an additional consideration, Cherrydale further agreed to deliver specified quantities of sheetrock to the rooms in the homes: to stack in each room the number of sections of sheetrock required to construct that room.
Plaintiff Burroughs was an employee of the trucking company that delivered the sheetrock for Cherrydale. While carrying sheetrock into the homes under construction, Burroughs fell down an open stairwell in one of the homes and sustained injuries.
Burroughs received compensation from his employer under the Workmen's Compensation Act. Thereafter he brought this tort action against Lindsey Waldron to recover for his personal injuries. The trial court dismissed the action, holding that it was barred by the Workmen's Compensation Act. Burroughs appeals.
Burroughs also sued William D. Waldron, a partner of Lindsey Waldron, and Walmont, Inc., the owner of the subdivision. Counsel agree that the Act either bars the action against all three defendants or does not bar the action against any defendant.
The Workmen's Compensation Act does not bar a tort action if the person who causes the injury is an "other party" within the meaning of the Act. Va. Code Ann. Sections 65.1-40, -41 (1968 Repl. vol.). And defendant Lindsey Waldron was an "other party" if at the time of the accident Burroughs was not performing work that was part of Lindsey Waldron's trade, business or occupation. Bosher v. Jamerson, 207 Va. 539, 151 S.E.2d 375 (1966).
The trial court decided that Bosher v. Jamerson, supra, controlled this case. The general contractor in that case was required to construct a concrete floor with a 6-inch sand base beneath it. Under a contract with the general contractor, a supplier of sand was required to dump or spread the sand at the job site as directed by the general contractor. While the driver who delivered the sand was spreading it in the foundation area in accordance with the building specifications, the truck he was driving struck and injured an employee of the general contractor. We held that since the driver was engaged in the trade, business or occupation of the general contractor, the injured employee could not maintain a tort action against the driver's employer.
There is a significant difference between Bosher and this case. The deliveryman in Bosher delivered the sand, and he participated in laying the 6-inch sand base required by the building specifications. The deliveryman in this case delivered the sheetrock to the rooms where it would be used by the workmen, but he did not participate in the construction of the buildings.
The gathering of material is of course essential to the construction of a building. So in a sense each supplier of material is engaged in the general contractor's trade, business or occupation. But a line must be drawn to determine who is an "other party" for the purposes of the Workmen's Compensation Act. And persons who function solely as suppliers and deliverers of goods have been held "other parties". Perkinson v. Thomas, 158 Va. 699, 164 S.E. 561 (1932); Garrett v. Tubular Prods., Inc., 176 F. Supp. 101 (E.D. Va. 1959); see Turnage v. Northern Virginia Steel Corp., 336 F.2d 837, 843 (4th Cir. 1964).
In Garrett v. Tubular Prods., Inc., supra, the supplier agreed to deliver steel columns f.o.b. trucks at the job site. Rut the significant fact pointed out by the court was that "erection of the columns so delivered was not included". 176 F. Supp. at 104.
In this case the stacking of sheetrock in the several rooms constituted the final act of delivery, not an act of construction. So Burroughs's activities did not transcend delivery, and he was not engaged in the trade, business or occupation of Lindsey Waldron. Lindsey Waldron was therefore an "other party", and Burroughs could maintain this tort action.
We do not agree with counsel's contention that this holding is inconsistent with our opinion in Buffalo Shook Co., Inc. v. Barksdale, 206 Va. 45, 141 S.E.2d 738 (1965). Barksdale, who was injured while unloading lumber from his employer's truck, brought a tort action against the purchaser of the lumber. We held that because Barksdale was not engaged in the trade, business or occupation of his employer when the accident happened, his tort action was not barred. Contrary to the contention of Lindsey Waldron's counsel, we did not suggest that the action would have been barred if Barksdale had been engaged in his employer's trade, business or occupation. We did not reach that question.
Reversed and remanded.
I agree with the trial court that this case is controlled by the Bosher case. Here Lindsey Waldron contracted to construct houses in Carriage Hill Estates. The houses had to have inside walls, to be made of sheetrock. Lindsey Waldron contracted with Cherrydale to supply the sheetrock. Burroughs was an employee of the trucking company employed by Cherrydale to deliver the sheetrock to rooms in the houses to be built by Lindsey Waldron. Burroughs was therefore engaged in a work that was part of the trade, business or occupation of Lindsey Waldron, and was therefore not "an other party" within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act.