Opinion
By statute ( 52-215) the time within which an issue proper for trial by jury may be entered on the jury docket is thirty days after the return day, and ten days after an issue of fact is joined. By writ, summons and complaint filed October 8, 1969, the plaintiff A Co. sought damages from the defendants E and J and their surety T Co. for materials A Co. furnished under a construction contract with the city of Norwalk, which, subsequently on October 27, 1969, was impleaded as a third party defendant by E and J. The issues were joined in the original action on April 20, 1970, when T Co. filed its answer, and in the third party action on May 19, 1970, when the city replied to E and J's special defense. Although E and J claimed a jury trial on two different occasions, once on April 7, 1970, and again on June 20, 1972, the trial court struck the case from the jury trial list. On appeal by E and J, held: 1. Since the claim of June 20, 1972, for a jury trial was made after the time permitted by 52-215, the trial court properly disallowed that claim. 2. The tardiness of the claim of June 20, 1972 notwithstanding, since the claim of April 7, 1970 was made prior to the joining of issues in the third party action and thus acted as a continuing authority to the clerk to place the cause on the jury docket when the issues therein were joined, that claim was timely made and consequently should have been allowed as to the portion of the case which arose from the third party action.
Argued November 6, 1973
Decided January 15, 1974
Action against contractors and their surety to recover damages for materials furnished under a public works contract, brought to the Superior Court in Fairfield County at Stamford; the defendants Pfotzer's motion to cite in the city of Norwalk as a party defendant was granted and the city counterclaimed against the defendants Pfotzer; the court, Tierney, J., granted the plaintiff's motion to strike the case from the jury list, from which the defendants — third party plaintiffs Pfotzer appealed to this court. Error; further proceedings.
E. John Pfotzer, pro se, an appellant (defendant — third party plaintiff), with whom, on the brief, was Edmond Pfotzer, pro se, an appellant (defendant — third party plaintiff).
Harry M. Lessin, for the appellee (plaintiff).
In this action, by writ, summons and complaint filed October 8, 1969, the plaintiff, hereinafter called Amercoat, brought suit as a subcontractor against the defendants Edmond Pfotzer and E. John Pfotzer, hereinafter called Pfotzer, for materials furnished under a construction contract with the city of Norwalk. Also named as a defendant was Transamerica Insurance Company, hereinafter called Transamerica, which, as surety, signed a bond that had been executed by Pfotzer for faithful payment for materials furnished and labor used in executing the contract. On October 15, 1969, Pfotzer filed an answer to this complaint. Subsequently, upon the granting by the court of a motion made by Pfotzer, the city of Norwalk was impleaded by Pfotzer as a third party defendant by writ, summons and complaint dated October 27, 1969. Transamerica, on December 19, 1969, filed its answer to the Amercoat complaint with two special defenses to which defenses Amercoat successfully demurred. On March 30, 1970, the city of Norwalk filed an answer and special defense to the Pfotzer third party complaint, a counterclaim against Pfotzer and a cross complaint against Amercoat. On April 7, 1970, Pfotzer filed an answer and special defense to the Norwalk counterclaim and a reply to its special defense. The last sentence contained in that pleading states: "Pursuantly, defendants and third party plaintiffs make Demand For Jury Trial." On April 20, 1970, Transamerica filed its substituted answer to the Amercoat complaint. On May 19, 1970, Norwalk filed a reply (dated May 15, 1970) to Pfotzer's special defense to its counterclaim. On June 20, 1972, Pfotzer addressed the clerk of the Superior Court in writing stating, in part: "Please place this case on the trial list of the Court for trial at the earliest possible date. This case is claimed for trial by jury." On August 11, 1972, Amercoat filed a motion to strike the case from the jury trial list "for the reason that the claim to the Jury Trial List was filed more than ten (10) days after issue was joined by the plaintiff's reply dated May 15, 1970." On September 1, 1972, the court granted the motion. Pfotzer, as defendant and third party plaintiff, appealed therefrom to this court.
We note that the record does not disclose that Amercoat has pleaded to this cross complaint.
The record discloses that the only party to file a reply dated May 15, 1970, was the city of Norwalk as a third party defendant.
In order to place the pleadings in proper perspective we first point to the original action brought by Amercoat against Transamerica and Pfotzer in which the issues have been joined. Next, we point to the third party action commenced by writ, summons and complaint served by Pfotzer as the third party plaintiff wherein the city of Norwalk was impleaded as the third party defendant. Owing to Norwalk's reply dated May 15, 1970 (filed on May 19, 1970) to Pfotzer's special defense, the issues between Pfotzer and the city of Norwalk were joined.
Section 78A of the Practice Book provides for the impleading of a third party by a defendant in a civil action. Under this provision, Pfotzer had impleaded the city of Norwalk as a third party defendant. Thus, as against Norwalk, Pfotzer thereby became a third party plaintiff and, as recited in footnote 3, the issue of fact between these two parties was joined.
General Statutes 52-215 contains language essentially similar to that in 5624, Rev. 1930 (the statute involved in Leahey v. Heasley, cited below), and provides two periods of time within which an issue proper for trial by jury may be entered in the jury docket. One is "within thirty days after the return day." The other is contained in the provision which reads, in part, as follows: "When . . . an issue of fact is joined, the case may, within ten days after such issue of fact is joined, be entered in the docket as a jury case upon the request of either party made to the clerk . . . ." Leahey v. Heasley, 127 Conn. 332, 334, 16 A.2d 609. The word "when" has been construed to mean "whenever." Noren v. Wood, 72 Conn. 96, 98, 43 A. 649. The issue must be formed by the pleadings in writing. See Avon Mfg. Co. v. Andrews, 30 Conn. 476, 488.
Amercoat, not yet having pleaded to Norwalk's cross complaint filed under the Pfotzer third party action, makes the claim that when Transamerica filed its answer on April 20, 1970, to the Amercoat complaint, the issue of fact was joined and that Pfotzer waived the right to trial by jury by claiming the case "on June 20, 1972," being "more than ten days after issue was joined." This contention is without merit since Amercoat points only to the joining of issue related to its original action and fails to recognize the existence of the subsequent third party action brought by Pfotzer against Norwalk. The writ, summons and complaint served by Pfotzer on Norwalk was "equivalent in all respects to an original writ, summons and complaint, and the person upon whom it is served, hereinafter called the third-party defendant, shall have available to him all remedies available to an original defendant. . . ." Practice Book 78A.
In the case at bar, the third party complaint was dated October 27, 1969, and was made returnable on November 11, 1969, and the claim for a jury trial having been filed April 7, 1970, it is clear that the thirty-day period provided by 52-215 has no application for the reason that more than thirty days elapsed since the return day of the third party complaint. We are confronted, however, with whether the ten-day period under the statute may benefit Pfotzer in view of the jury claim of April 7, 1970, especially in light of the fact that the issue between Pfotzer and Norwalk was not joined until May 19, 1970, when Norwalk replied to Pfotzer's special defense. In Fuller v. Johnson, 80 Conn. 493, 494-95, 68 A. 977 (an action under the then 720, Rev. 1902, essentially the same as 52-215), where a request was made to place the case on the jury docket but there was a failure to claim it within thirty days of the return day, this court held: "After the lapse of this thirty-day period, he `[the defendant] had another opportunity to make it a jury case if issue should be subsequently closed, and he should make due request within ten days after it was so closed. McKay v. Fair Haven W. R. Co., 75 Conn. 608, 54 A. 923. His request remained in the files until an issue was joined. . . . The request, never having been recalled, was a continuing authority" to the clerk to place the cause on the jury docket upon the joining of issue. Thus, in light of the April 7, 1970 claim for the jury list, when the issue between Pfotzer, the third party plaintiff, and Norwalk, the third party defendant, was joined, the third party suit between them was required to be entered on the jury docket. The fact that on June 20, 1972, a further request was made claiming a trial by jury is construed by us as a needless act. This second claim, no doubt, comes about as a result of lack of knowledge regarding our practice and procedure reflected in the action taken through the pro se appearance by Pfotzer. When laymen appear pro se, we follow our usual liberal policy and consider their claims 80 far as they are fairly presented. Engelhard v. Capewell Mfg. Co., 137 Conn. 32, 34, 74 A.2d 476.
As to the original action brought by Amercoat, the claim by Pfotzer for a jury trial, as may relate to the issues therein, comes too late and the court was correct in denying the Pfotzer motion insofar as it related to that action. As to the third party action brought by Pfotzer, however, the court was in error in denying the Pfotzer motion for a jury trial of the issues raised in that action since that claim was timely made.