See 8 U.S.C. §§ 1227(a)(2)(B)(i); 1229b(a). 39 • Avoidance of aggravated felony removal ground — New York County, 2006: A longtime Lawful Permanent Resident with a serious mental illness was charged with robbery in the second degree [N.Y. Penal Law § 160.10(2)(a)], which carried a minimum sentence of three and a half years, for robbing another woman of her umbrella. 4° The defense attorney recognized that a conviction for robbery in the second degree with a sentence of a year or more would expose her to 37 The client had lived lawfully in the U.S. for more than five years before he committed the criminal act, so even though it may have constituted a crime involving moral turpitude, it did not render him deportable because it was his only one.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 People v. Malizia, 62 N.Y.2d 755 (1984) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 People v. Martinez, 100 A.D.3d 537 (1st Dept. 2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-18 People v. Martinez, 71 N.Y.2d 937 (1988) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 18, 21-22, 25 People v. Martinez, 95 A.D.3d 677 (1st Dept. 2012) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 iv People v. Piazza, 48 N.Y.2d 151 (1979) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 People v. Rosario, 9 N.Y.2d 286 (1961) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 People v. Vilardi, 76 N.Y.2d 67 (1990) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-24 People v. Wallace, 76 N.Y.2d 953 (1990) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Statutes N.Y. Penal Law § 110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 N.Y. Penal Law § 160.10(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 CPL 240.45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 CPL 240.