Rule 6.502 - Motion for Relief From Judgment(A) Nature of Motion. The request for relief under this subchapter must be in the form of a motion to set aside or modify the judgment. The motion must specify all of the grounds for relief which are available to the defendant and of which the defendant has, or by the exercise of due diligence, should have knowledge.(B) Limitations on Motion. A motion may seek relief from one judgment only. If the defendant desires to challenge the validity of additional judgments, the defendant must do so by separate motions. For the purpose of this rule, multiple convictions resulting from a single trial or plea proceeding shall be treated as a single judgment.(C) Form of Motion. The motion may not be noticed for hearing, and must be typed or legibly handwritten and include a verification by the defendant or defendant's lawyer in accordance with MCR 1.109(D)(3). Except as otherwise ordered by the court, the combined length of the motion and any memorandum of law in support may not exceed 50 pages double-spaced, exclusive of attachments and exhibits. If the court enters an order increasing the page limit for the motion, the same order shall indicate that the page limit for the prosecutor's response provided for in MCR 6.506(A) is increased by the same amount. The motion must be substantially in the form approved by the State Court Administrative Office, and must include: (1) The name of the defendant;(2) The name of the court in which the defendant was convicted and the file number of the defendant's case;(3) The place where the defendant is confined, or, if not confined, the defendant's current address;(4) The offenses for which the defendant was convicted and sentenced;(5) The date on which the defendant was sentenced;(6) Whether the defendant was convicted by a jury, by a judge without jury, or on a plea of guilty, guilty but mentally ill, or nolo contendere;(7) The sentence imposed (probation, fine, and/or imprisonment), the length of the sentence imposed, and whether the defendant is now serving that sentence;(8) The name of the judge who presided at trial and imposed sentence;(9) The court, title, and file number of any proceeding (including appeals and federal court proceedings) instituted by the defendant to obtain relief from conviction or sentence, specifying whether a proceeding is pending or has been completed;(10) The name of each lawyer who represented the defendant at any time after arrest, and the stage of the case at which each represented the defendant;(11) The relief requested;(12) The grounds for the relief requested;(13) The facts supporting each ground, stated in summary form;(14) Whether any of the grounds for the relief requested were raised before; if so, at what stage of the case, and, if not, the reasons they were not raised;(15) Whether the defendant requests the appointment of counsel, and, if so, information necessary for the court to determine whether the defendant is entitled to appointment of counsel at public expense. Upon request, the clerk of each court with trial level jurisdiction over felony cases shall make available blank motion forms without charge to any person desiring to file such a motion.
(D) Return of Insufficient Motion. If a motion is not submitted on a form approved by the State Court Administrative Office, or does not substantially comply with the requirements of these rules, the court shall either direct that it be returned to the defendant with a statement of the reasons for its return, along with the appropriate form, or adjudicate the motion under the provisions of these rules. When a pro se defendant files his or her first motion effectively seeking to set aside or modify the judgment but styles the motion as something other than a motion for relief from judgment, the court shall promptly notify the defendant of its intention to recharacterize the pleading as a motion for relief from judgment; inform the defendant of any effects this might have on subsequent motions for relief, see MCR 6.502(B), (G); and provide the defendant 90 days to withdraw or amend his or her motion before the court recharacterizes the motion. If the court fails to provide this notice and opportunity for withdrawal or amendment, or the defendant establishes that notice was not actually received, the defendant's motion cannot be considered a motion for relief from judgment for purposes of MCR 6.502(B), (G). The clerk of the court shall retain a copy of the motion.(E) Attachments to Motion. The defendant may attach to the motion any affidavit, document, or evidence to support the relief requested.(F) Amendment and Supplementation of Motion. The court may permit the defendant to amend or supplement the motion at any time.(G) Successive Motions. (1) Except as provided in subrule (G)(2), regardless of whether a defendant has previously filed a motion for relief from judgment, after August 1, 1995, one and only one motion for relief from judgment may be filed with regard to a conviction.(2) A defendant may file a second or subsequent motion based on any of the following: (a) a retroactive change in law that occurred after the first motion for relief from judgment was filed,(b) a claim of new evidence that was not discovered before the first such motion was filed, or(c) a final court order vacating one or more of the defendant's convictions either described in the judgment from which the defendant is seeking relief or upon which the judgment was based. The clerk shall refer a successive motion to the judge to whom the case is assigned for a determination whether the motion is within one of the exceptions.
The court may waive the provisions of this rule if it concludes that there is a significant possibility that the defendant is innocent of the crime. For motions filed under both (G)(1) and (G)(2), the court shall enter an appropriate order disposing of the motion.
(3) For purposes of subrule (G)(2), "new evidence" includes new scientific evidence. This includes, but is not limited to, shifts in science entailing changes: (a) in a field of scientific knowledge, including shifts in scientific consensus;(b) in a testifying expert's own scientific knowledge and opinions; or(c) in a scientific method on which the relevant scientific evidence at trial was based.Amended August 30, 2018, effective 9/1/2018; amended September 20, 2018, effective 1/1/2019; amended September 24, 2018, effective 1/1/2019; amended March 24, 2021, effective 5/1/2021; amended April 1, 2021, effective 5/1/2021; amended September 15, 2021, effective 1/1/2022.Staff comment: The proposed amendment of MCR 6.502 would make the rule consistent with the Court's ruling in People v Washington, ___Mich___(2021) by allowing a defendant to file a second or subsequent motion for relief from judgment based on a claim of a jurisdictional defect in the trial court when the judgment was entered. Although the Court's analysis in Washington related specifically to subject matter jurisdiction, reference to "jurisdictional defect" is consistent with MCR 6.508(D).
The staff comment is not an authoritative construction by the Court. In addition, adoption of a new rule or amendment in no way reflects a substantive determination by this Court.