Pilot, Flight Instructor, and Pilot School Certification

Proposal No.	CFR designation	Summary of the proposed changes
1	§ 61.1(b)(15)	Add a definition for the term “night vision goggles.”
2	§ 61.1(b)(14)	Add a definition for the term “night vision goggle operations.”
3	§ 61.1(b)(2)(i)	Add the term “current” for the ground instructor certificate under the definition of authorized instructor.
3	§ 61.1(b)(2)(ii)	Correct the term “current” and add the term “valid” for the flight instructor certificate under the definition of authorized instructor.
3	§ 61.1(b)(5)	Add the definition of “current” to airman certificates, ratings, and authorizations, which would mean the pilot has met the appropriate recent flight experience requirements of part 61 for the flight operation being conducted and the pilot's medical certificate has not expired, if a medical certificate is required.
3	§ 61.1(b)(22)	Add the definition of “valid” for airman certificates, ratings, and authorizations, which would mean the airmen certificate, ratings, and authorizations have not been surrendered, suspended, revoked, or expired.
3	§ 61.3(a)(1)	Add the qualifier “current and valid.”
3	§ 61.3(f)(2)(i) & (ii)	Add the qualifier “current and valid.”
3	§ 61.3(c)	Add the qualifier “current and valid.”
3	§ 61.3(g)(2)(i), (ii)	Add the qualifier “current and valid.”
4	§ 61.3(j)(1)	Delete the phrase “Except as provided in paragraph (j)(3) of this section.”
4	§ 61.3(j)(3)	Delete this provision because the dates have passed.
5	§ 61.19(b)	Extend the duration period for student pilot certificates for persons under the age of 40 years.
6	§ 61.19(b)(3)	Extend the duration period for student pilot certificates for persons seeking the glider or balloon rating to 36 calendar months.
7	§ 61.19(d)	Establish flight instructor certificates without expiration dates.
8 & 81	§ 61.19(e)	Parallel the ground instructor certificate duration with the ground instructor currency requirements in proposed § 61.217.
9	§ 61.23(a)(3)(iv)-(v)	Make minor editorial changes to the medical certificate requirements.
9	§ 61.23(a)(3)(vii)	Permit Examiners to hold only a 3rd class medical certificate as already provided for in FAA Order 8710.3D.
10	§ 61.23(b)(3)	Clarify the no medical certificate requirement for when persons are exercising the privileges of their pilot certificate when operating a balloon or a glider.
11	§ 61.23(b)(7)	Clarify the no medical certificate requirement for Examiners who are administering practical tests in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight training device.
12	§ 61.23(b)(8)	Clarify the no medical certificate requirement when taking a practical test in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight training device.
13	§ 61.23(b)(9)	Add a provision excusing U.S. military pilots from obtaining an FAA medical certification, provided he or she holds a current medical examination from a medical facility of the U.S. Armed Forces and the flight does not involve a flight in air transportation service under parts 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter.
14	§ 61.29(d)(3)	Delete the requirement that a person furnish their social security number.
15	§ 61.31(d)(1)	Make minor editorial change.
15	§ 61.31(d)(2)	Delete existing paragraph (d)(2).
15	§ 61.31(d)(3)	Re-designate existing paragraph (d)(3) as paragraph (d)(2).
16	§ 61.31(l)	Establish training for operating with night vision goggles.
17	§ 61.35(a)(2)(iv)	Clarify when a person must show their current residential address when making application for a knowledge test.
18	§ 61.39(b)(2)	Delete the word “scheduled” in front of the phrase “U.S. military air transport operations.”
3	§ 61.39(c)(1)	Add the qualifier “valid.”
19	§ 61.39(c)(2)	Delete the exception that an applicant does not have to receive an instructor endorsement for an additional aircraft class rating. Sections 61.39(a)(6) and 61.63(c) require an instructor endorsement.
20	§ 61.39(d) & (e)	Change the phrase “60 calendar days” to read “2 calendar months” for the training required prior to the practical test.
21	§ 61.43(a) and (b)	Clarify when single pilot performance is required on the practical test vs. permitting issuance of the “second in command” limitation.
22	§ 61.45(a)(2)(iii)	Define a military aircraft for the purpose of using it for a practical test.
23	§ 61.45(c)	Except gliders from the requirement that aircraft used for a practical test must have engine power controls and flight controls that are easily reached and operable in a conventional manner by both pilots.
24	§ 61.51(b)(3)(iv)	Add a provision for logging night vision goggle time.
27	§ 61.51(b)(1)(iv) § 61.51(b)(2)(v) § 61.51(b)(3)(iii)	Revise the instructions for logbook entries to include personal computer aviation training device (PCATD).
25	§ 61.51(e)(1)	Correct an omission and permit airline transport pilots (ATPs) to log pilot-in-command (PIC) flight time.
26	§ 61.51(e)(1)(iv)	Permit a pilot who is performing the duties of PIC while under the supervision of a qualified PIC to log PIC time.
27	§ 61.51(g)(4)	Clarify use of flight simulator, flight training device, PCATD to conform to current practice and require that an instructor be present to observe the session and sign the person's logbook.
28	§ 61.51(j)	Establish that an aircraft must hold an airworthiness certificate, with some exceptions, for a pilot to log flight time to meet the certificate, rating, or recent flight experience requirements under part 61.
29	§ 61.51(k)	Add the criteria and standards for logging night vision goggle time.
30	§ 61.57(c)(1)	Revise the instrument recent flight experience for maintaining instrument privileges in airplanes, powered-lifts, helicopters, and airships.
30	§ 61.57(c)(2)-(5)	Permit the use of flight simulators, flight training devices, or PCATD for performing instrument recent flight experience.
30	§ 61.57(c)(6)	Revise the instrument recent flight experience for maintaining instrument privileges in gliders.
31	§ 61.57(d)	Clarify when an instrument proficiency check must be completed to serve as the PIC under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR.
32	§ 61.57(f)	Add a night vision goggle recent operating experience requirement to remain PIC qualified for night vision goggle operations.
33	§ 61.57(g)	Add a night vision goggle proficiency check requirement to remain PIC qualified for night vision goggle operations.
34	§ 61.59(a)-(c)	Add clarifying language to address falsification, reproduction, alteration and incorrect statements.
35	§ 61.63	Change the title to read “Additional aircraft ratings (other than for ratings at the airline transport pilot certificate level).”
35	§ 61.63(c)(4)	Clarify what is intended for those applicants who hold only a lighter than air (LTA)-Balloon rating and who seek an LTA-Airship rating.
35	§ 61.63(d)(5)	Add a provision in subparagraph (5) to account for aircraft not capable of instrument flight. Parallels proposed § 61.157(b)(3).
35	§ 61.63(e)	Re-designate paragraph (h) as paragraph (e). Amend the requirements for permitting use of aircraft not capable of instrument flight for a rating. Parallels proposed § 61.157(g).
35	§ 61.63(f)	Clarify that an applicant for type rating in a multiengine, single seat airplane must meet the requirements in the multi-seat version of that type airplane, or the examiner must be in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test. Parallels proposed § 61.157(h).
35	§ 61.63(g)	Clarify that an applicant for type rating in a single engine, single seat airplane may meet the requirements in a multi-seat version of that type airplane, or the examiner must be in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test. Parallels proposed § 61.157(i).
36	§ 61.64	Place the existing § 61.63(e), (f), and (g) and § 61.157(g), (h), and (i) that address the requirements for using flight simulators and flight training devices into proposed § 61.64
35	§ 61.63(h)	Re-designate paragraph (k) as paragraph (h). Clarify that certain tasks may be waived if the FAA has approved the task to be waived to parallel § 61.157(m).
36	§ 61.64(a) and (b)	Move § 61.63(e) and § 61.157(g) to proposed § 61.64. Simplify and amend the requirements and limitations for use of a flight simulator or flight training device for an airplane rating.
36	§ 61.64(a)(2)(i) & (ii)	Clarify that to use a flight simulator for training and testing for the airplane category, class, or type rating, the type rating cannot contain the supervised operating experience limitation.
36	§ 61.64(c) and (d)	Move § 61.63(f) and § 61.157(h) to proposed § 61.64. Simplify and amend the requirements and limitations for use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a helicopter rating.
36	§ 61.64(c)(2)(i) & (ii)	Clarify that to use a flight simulator for training and testing for the helicopter class or type rating, the type rating cannot contain the supervised operating experience limitation.
36	§ 61.64(e) and (f)	Move § 61.63(g) and § 61.157(i) to proposed § 61.64. Simplify and amend the requirements and limitations for use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a powered-lift rating.
36	§ 61.64(e)(2)(i) & (ii)	Clarify that to use a flight simulator for training and testing for the powered-lift category or type rating, the type rating cannot contain the supervised operating experience limitation.
37	§ 61.65(d)	Require at least 10 hours of cross-country time as PIC to be in an airplane appropriate to the instrument rating sought, so that it conforms to the ICAO requirements for instrument rating.
37	§ 61.65(e)	Require at least 10 hours of cross-country time as PIC to be in a helicopter appropriate to the instrument rating sought, so that it conforms to the ICAO requirements for instrument rating.
37	§ 61.65(f)	Require at least 10 hours of cross-country time as PIC to be in a powered-lift appropriate to the instrument rating sought, so that it conforms to the ICAO requirements for instrument rating.
37	§ 61.65(g)	Make minor changes to address the usage of flight simulator and flight training devices for the instrument rating. Re-designate paragraph (e) as paragraph (g).
38	§ 61.65(h)	Permit the use of a PCATD to be used for 10 hours of instrument time.
3	§ 61.69(a)(1)	Require tow pilots' certificates to be “current and valid.”
39	§ 61.69(a)(4)	Correct typographical error involving the word “or.”
40	§ 61.69(a)(6)	Increase the recent flight experience requirements for tow pilots from 12 months to 24 months.
41	§ 61.73(b)	Combine existing paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) into proposed paragraph (b). Delete the requirement that military pilots and former military pilots must be on active flying status within the past 12 months to qualify under these special rules. Delete the requirement that military pilots and former military pilots must have PIC status to qualify for pilot certification under these special rules. Also, minor editorial changes.
41	§ 61.73(c)	Delete paragraph (c). Propose that military pilots of an Armed Force of a foreign contracting State to ICAO qualify for U.S. Commercial Pilot Certificates and ratings provided they are assigned in an operational U.S. military unit for other than for flight training purposes.
41	§ 61.73(d)	Re-designate paragraph (e) as (d). Minor editorial changes.
41	§ 61.73(e)	Re-designate paragraph (f) as (e). Minor editorial changes.
41	§ 61.73(f)	Re-designate paragraph (g) as (f). Delete the phrase “as pilot in command during the 12 calendar months before the month of application.” Minor editorial changes.
42	§ 61.73(g)	Allow issuing flight instructor certificates and ratings to military instructor pilots who graduate from a U.S. military instructor pilot school with an instructor pilot qualification.
43	§ 61.73(h)	Clarify the evidentiary documents required to qualify military pilots for a pilot certificate and ratings under the special rules of § 61.73 for military pilots.
44	§ 61.75(a)	Require foreign pilot license to be at the level of private pilot certificate or higher to be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate. Change the requirement for the foreign pilot certificate from being “current” to “valid.”
44	§ 61.75(b)	Require foreign pilot license to be at the level of private pilot certificate or higher to be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate. Change the requirement for the foreign pilot certificate from being “current” to “valid.”
3	§ 61.75(b)(2)	Require foreign pilot certificates to be “valid.”
45	§ 61.75(b)(3)	Add “other than a U.S. student pilot certificate.”
46	§ 61.75(c)	Add the qualifier “for private pilot privileges only” to clarify issuance of U.S. private pilot certificates based on foreign pilot licenses.
3	§ 61.75(d)	Add the qualifier “valid.”
47	§ 61.75(e)	Correct an error: where the rule states “U.S. private pilot certificate,” it should state “U.S. pilot certificate.”
47	§ 61.75(e)(1)	Correct an error: where the rule states “private pilot privilege,” it should state “pilot privileges authorized by this part and the limitations placed on that U.S. pilot certificate.”
47	§ 61.75(e)(4)	Correct an error: where the rule states “U.S. private pilot certificate,” it should state “U.S. pilot certificate.”
47	§ 61.75(f)	Correct an error: where the rule states “U.S. private pilot certificate,” it should state “U.S. pilot certificate” in 2 places.
47	§ 61.75(g)	Correct an error: where the rule states “U.S. private pilot certificate,” it should state “U.S. pilot certificate” in 2 places.
48	§ 61.77(a)(2)	Clarify who can be issued a special purpose pilot authorization.
48	§ 61.77(b)(1)	Clarify the requirements for issuance of a special purpose pilot authorization.
3	§ 61.77(b)(1)	Require foreign pilot licenses to be “current” and “valid.”
48	§ 61.77(b)(5)	Delete a requirement that an applicant have documentation of meeting the recent flight experience requirements of part 61 to be issued a special purpose pilot authorization.
49	§ 61.96(b)(9)	Require an applicant for a recreational pilot certificate to hold a student pilot certificate.
50	§ 61.101(e)(1)(iii)	Exclude aircraft that are certificated as rotorcraft from the 180 horsepower powerplant limitation.
51	§ 61.103(j)	Require a private pilot certificate applicant to hold a valid student pilot certificate, or a recreational pilot certificate.
52	§ 61.109(a)(5)(ii)	Change the distance on a cross-country flight for private pilot certification—single-engine airplane rating from “at least 50 nautical miles” to “more than 50 nautical miles.”
52	§ 61.109(b)(5)(ii)	Change the distance on a cross-country flight for private pilot certification—multi-engine airplane rating from “at least 50 nautical miles” to “more than 50 nautical miles.”
53	§ 61.109(c)(4)(ii)	Change the distance on the solo cross-country flight for private pilot certification—helicopter rating to conform to ICAO requirements. Change the distance on a cross-country flight for private pilot certification—helicopter rating from “at least 25 nautical miles” to read “more than 25 nautical miles.”
54	§ 61.109(d)(5)(ii)	Change the distance on the solo cross-country flight for private pilot certification—gyroplane rating to conform to ICAO requirements. Change the distance on a cross-country flight for private pilot certification—gyroplane rating from “at least 25 nautical miles” to read “more than 25 nautical miles.”
52	§ 61.109(e)(5)(ii)	Change the distance on a cross-country flight for private pilot certification—powered-lift rating from “at least 50 nautical miles” to “more than 50 nautical miles.”
55	§ 61.127(b)(4)(vi)	Add “ground reference maneuvers” as an area of operation for commercial pilot certification—gyroplane rating.
56	§ 61.127(b)(5)(vii)	Delete “ground reference maneuvers” for commercial pilot certification powered lift rating.
57	§ 61.129(a)(3)(i)	Clarify the instrument training tasks required for commercial pilot certification—airplane single-engine rating by requiring training using a view-limiting device.
62	§ 61.129(a)(3)(iii)	Allow the day cross-country flight for commercial pilot certification single-engine airplane rating to be performed under visual flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules (IFR).
62	§ 61.129(a)(3)(iv)	Allow the cross-country flight at night time for commercial pilot certification airplane single-engine rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
64	§ 61.129(a)(4)	Permit training to be performed solo or with an instructor onboard for commercial pilot certification—airplane single-engine rating.
58	§ 61.129(b)(3)(i)	Require instrument training tasks for commercial pilot certification airplane multiengine rating to include training using a view-limiting device.
62	§ 61.129(b)(3)(iii)	Allow the day cross-country flight for commercial pilot certification multiengine airplane rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
62	§ 61.129(b)(3)(iv)	Allow the cross-country flight at night time for commercial pilot certification multiengine airplane rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
62	§ 61.129(c)(3)(i)	Reduce the hour requirements on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference to instruments from 10 hours to 5 hours for commercial pilot certification-helicopter rating and permit it to be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device. Clarify the control and maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference to instruments required for commercial pilot certification for the helicopter rating must include training using a view-limiting device.
62	§ 61.129(c)(3)(ii)	Permit the day cross-country flight for commercial pilot certification—helicopter rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
62	§ 61.129(c)(3)(iii)	Permit the cross-country flight at night time for commercial pilot certification—helicopter rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
64	§ 61.129(c)(4)	Permit training for commercial pilot certification helicopter rating to be performed solo or with an instructor onboard.
60	§ 61.129(d)(3)(i)	Reduce the instrument training for commercial pilot certification—gyroplane rating to 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane solely by reference to instrument and permit it to be conducted in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device. Clarify the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane solely by reference to instrument required for commercial pilot certification gyroplane rating must include training using a view-limiting device.
62	§ 61.129(d)(3)(ii)	Allow the day cross-country flight for commercial pilot certification gyroplane rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
63	§ 61.129(d)(3)(iii)	Delete the requirement for a cross-country flight at night time for commercial pilot certification—gyroplane rating and establish it as “At least two hours of flight training during night-time conditions in a gyroplane at an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern).”
64	§ 61.129(d)(4)	Permit training for commercial pilot certification—gyroplane rating to be performed solo or with an instructor onboard.
61	§ 61.129(e)(3)(i)	Require that instrument training tasks for commercial pilot certification—powered-lift rating must include training using a view-limiting device.
61	§ 61.129(e)(3)(ii)	Permit the cross-country flight at night time for commercial pilot certification—powered-lift rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
62	§ 61.129(e)(3)(iii)	Permit the cross-country flight at night time for commercial pilot certification—powered-lift rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
64	§ 61.129(e)(4)	Permit training for commercial pilot certification—powered-lift rating to be performed solo or with an instructor onboard.
64	§ 61.129(g)(2)	Permit training for commercial pilot certification—airship rating to be performed either solo or while performing the duties of PIC with an instructor onboard.
65	§ 61.129(g)(3)	Reformat paragraph (3) into subparagraphs (i) and (ii). Clarify the instrument training tasks for commercial pilot certification—airship rating require instrument training using a view-limiting device.
62	§ 61.129(g)(4)(ii) & (iii)	Permit the cross-country training for commercial pilot certification—airship rating to be performed under VFR or IFR.
3	§ 61.133(a)(1)	Require commercial pilot certificates to be “current and valid.”
3	§ 61.153(d)	Require pilot certificate and instrument rating to be “valid.”
66	§ 61.153(d)(3)(i), (ii)	Further clarify the additional condition to qualify for a U.S. ATP certificate on the basis of a foreign pilot certificate.
67	§ 61.157	Reprint this section in its entirety due to many changes.
67	§ 61.157(b)	Add the language “or a type rating that is completed concurrently with an airline transport pilot certificate” so the rule more clearly states what is intended. Reformat this section so as to establish a paragraph (g) that permits the use of an aircraft not capable of instrument flight for a type rating to be added to an existing ATP certificate. Parallels proposed § 61.63(e).
36 & 67	§ 61.157(g)	Use of flight simulators and flight training devices and applicant qualifications for the airplane rating at the ATP certification level. Move to proposed § 61.64 as paragraph (a) and (b).
36 & 67	§ 61.157(h)	Use of flight simulators and flight training devices and applicant qualifications for the helicopter rating at the ATP certification level. Move to proposed § 61.64 as paragraph (c) and (d).
36 & 67	§ 61.157(i)	Use of flight simulators and flight training devices and applicant qualifications for the powered-lift rating at the ATP certification level. Move to proposed § 61.64 as paragraph (e) and (f).
67	§ 61.157(g)	Re-designate paragraph (j) as paragraph (g). Amends the requirements for permitting use of aircraft not capable of instrument flight for a rating to permit the issuance of a “VFR Only” limitation for ATP certification. Parallels proposed § 61.63(e).
68	§ 61.157(h)	Adds a provision to permit an applicant for type rating in a multiengine, single seat airplane to be performed in a multi-seat version of that type airplane, or the examiner must be in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test. Parallels proposed § 61.63(f).
69	§ 61.157(i)	Adds a provision to permit an applicant for type rating in a single engine, single seat airplane to be performed in a multi-seat version of that type airplane, or the examiner must be in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test. Parallels proposed § 61.63(g).
70	§ 61.159(c)(3)	Add a provision to accommodate the crediting of flight engineer time for U.S. military flight engineers for qualifying for an ATP certificate that is similar to what is provided for crediting flight engineer time under part 121.
71	§ 61.159(d)	Clarify when an applicant may be issued an ATP certificate with the ICAO endorsement.
71	§ 61.159(e)	Clarify a holder of an ATP certificate with the ICAO endorsement may have the endorsement removed after meeting the aeronautical experience of proposed § 61.159(d).
3	§ 61.167(a)	Require an ATP certificate to be “valid.”
3	§ 61.167(b)(3)	Require ATP certificates be “current and valid.”
72	§ 61.187(b)(6)(vii)	Delete the “go around maneuver” for flight instructor certification for the glider rating.
3	§ 61.193	Require flight instructor certificate be “current and valid.”
73	§ 61.195(c)(1) & (2)	Establish the flight instructor qualifications for providing instrument training in flight to be a CFII in the appropriate category and class of aircraft.
74	§ 61.195(d)(3)	Delete requirement that a flight instructor must sign a student's certificate for authorizing solo flight in Class B airspace.
75	§ 61.195(k)	Add flight instructor qualifications for giving the PIC night vision goggle qualification and currency training.
3	§ 61.197(a)	Require flight instructor certificate to be “current.”
7	§ 61.197(a)(2)	Establish flight instructor renewal procedures without requiring re-issuance of the actual certificate.
7	§ 61.199(a)	Establish flight instructor reinstatement procedures without requiring re-issuance of the actual certificate. Additionally, clarify the reinstatement requirements for a single practical test for renewal of the other ratings held.
3	§ 61.215(a), (c), (d)	Require ground instructor certificates to be “current and valid.”
76	§ 61.215(b)	Delete the privilege of AGIs to provide training and endorsement for instrument training.
3	§ 61.215(b)	Require AGI certificates to be “current and valid.”
77	§ 61.217(a)—(d)	Establish new currency requirements for ground instructors.
78	§ 91.205(i)	Establish the required instruments & equipment for night vision goggle operations.
79	§ 141.5(a)—(e)	Clarify that the “counters” for the pass rate must be 10 different people and that no one graduate can be counted more than once.
80	§ 141.9	Correct the rule language for issuing examining authority.
81	§ 141.33(d)(2)	Reduce the number of student enrollments to 10 students to qualify for a check instructor position.
82	§ 141.39	Permit the use of foreign registered aircraft for those part 141 training facilities that are located outside of the United States and where the training is conducted outside of the United States.
83	§ 141.53(c)(1)	Delete subparagraph (c)(1) to remove an obsolete date.
84	§ 141.55(e)(2)(ii)	Correct the phrase “the practical or knowledge test, or any combination thereof” because it should state “the practical or knowledge test, as appropriate.”
85	§ 141.77(c)(1), (2), & (3)	Make a technical correction to the language in the rules about the proficiency and knowledge test required for transfer students to a part 141 pilot school.
86	§ 141.85(a)(1) & (d)	Clarify duties and responsibilities that chief instructor may delegate to an assistant chief instructor and recommending instructor.
87	B. 2.	Change the eligibility requirement for enrollment into the flight portion of the private pilot certification course to only require a recreational or student pilot certificate prior to entry into the solo phase of the flight portion.
88	B. 4(b)(1)(i)	In the private pilot certification—single-engine airplane course, change the training required to “on the control and maneuvering of a single-engine airplane solely by reference to instruments” instead of calling it “instrument training.”
88	B. 4(b)(2)(i)	In the private pilot certification—multiengine airplane course, change the training required to “on the control and maneuvering of a multiengine airplane solely by reference to instruments.”
88	B. 4(b)(5)(i)	In the private pilot certification—powered-lift course, change the training required to “on the control and maneuvering of a powered-lift solely by reference to instruments.”
89	B. 5(a)(1)	Change the distance on a cross-country flight in the private pilot certification—airplane single-engine course from “at least 50 nautical miles” to “more than 50 nautical miles.”
90	B. 5(b)(1)	Change the distance on a cross-country flight in the private pilot certification—airplane multiengine course from “at least 50 nautical miles” to “more than 50 nautical miles.”
91	B. 5(c)(1)	Change the distance on a cross-country flight in the private pilot certification—helicopter course to conform to ICAO requirements which require a cross-country flight of at least 100 nautical miles. Change the phrase “at least 25 nautical miles” to “more than 25 nautical miles.”
92	B. 5(d)(1)	Change the distance on a cross-country flight in the private pilot certification—gyroplane course from “at least 25 nautical miles” to “more than 25 nautical miles.”
93	B. 5(e)(1)	Change the distance on a cross-country flight in the private pilot certification—powered lift course from “at least 50 nautical miles” to” more than 50 nautical miles.”
94	C. 4(b)(5) & (6)	Allow approval of instrument rating courses that give credit for instrument training on a PCATD.
100	D. 4(b)(1)(i)	Require that the instrument training tasks for the commercial pilot certification—airplane single-engine course include training using a view-limiting device.
99	D. 4(b)(1)(ii)	Allow the complex airplane training in the commercial pilot certificate—single-engine airplane course to be performed in either in a single-engine complex airplane or multiengine complex airplane.
96	D. 4(b)(1)(iii)	Allow the day cross-country flight for the commercial pilot certificate airplane course to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96	D. 4(b)(1)(iv)
96	D. 4(b)(2)(i)
96	D. 4(b)(2)(iii)
96	D. 4(b)(2)(iv)
100	D. 4(b)(3)(i)	Require that the instrument training tasks for the commercial pilot certification—helicopter course include using a view-limiting device.
96	D. 4(b)(3)(ii)	Allow the day cross-country flight in the commercial pilot certificate helicopter course to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96	D. 4(b)(3)(iii)
100	D. 4(b)(4)(i)	Require that the instrument training tasks for the commercial pilot certification—gyroplane course include using a view-limiting device.
96	D. 4(b)(4)(ii)	Allow the day cross-country flight in the commercial pilot certificate gyroplane course to be performed under VFR or IFR.
97	D. 4(b)(4)(iii)	Require a night time cross-country flight in the commercial pilot certificate—gyroplane course to include at least two hours of flight training during night-time conditions at an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern).
100	D. 4(b)(5)(i)	Require that the instrument training tasks for the commercial pilot certification—powered-lift course include using a view-limiting device.
96	D. 4(b)(5)(ii)	Allow the day cross-country flight in the commercial pilot certificate powered-lift course to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96	D. 4(b)(5)(iii)
100	D. 4(b)(7)(i)	Require that the instrument training tasks for the commercial pilot certification—airship course include using a view-limiting device.
96	D. 4(b)(7)(ii)	Allow the day cross-country flight in the commercial pilot certificate—airship rating course to be performed under VFR or IFR.
96	D. 4(b)(7)(iii)
98	D. 4(d)(4)(vi)	Add “ground reference maneuvers” as an area of operation for the gyroplane rating in the commercial pilot certificate course.
95	D. 5(a), (c ), (d), & (e)	Allow training to be performed solo or with an instructor onboard for the commercial pilot certificate courses.
101	E. 2	Requires a person prior to having completed the flight portion of the ATP course to have met the ATP aeronautical experience requirements of part 61, subpart G.
102	I. 3 & 4	Clarify the amount and content of ground and flight training for the add-on aircraft category and/or class rating courses in the recreational, private, commercial, and ATP certification courses.

(b) * * *

(2) * * *

(i) A person who holds a valid ground instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter, and is current, as specified in § 61.217, when conducting ground training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her ground instructor certificate;

(ii) A person who holds a valid flight instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter, and is current, as specified in § 61.197, when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her flight instructor certificate; or

(4) Current as it relates to a pilot certificate, rating, or authorization means the pilot meets the appropriate recent flight experience requirements of this part for the flight operation being conducted; current as it relates to a flight instructor certificate means the flight instructor meets the flight instructor recent experience as specified in § 61.197; and current as it relates to a ground instructor certificate means the ground instructor meets the recent experience as specified in § 61.217.

(13) Night vision goggles means an appliance worn by a pilot that enhances the pilot's ability to maintain visual surface reference at night.

(14) Night vision goggle operation means the portion of a flight that occurs during the time period from 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise where the pilot maintains visual surface reference using night vision goggles in an aircraft that is approved for such an operation.

(20) Valid airman certificate, rating or authorization means it has not been surrendered, suspended, revoked, or expired.

3. Amend § 61.3 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text, (a)(1), (b) introductory text, (c)(1), (f)(2)(i), (f)(2)(ii), (g)(2)(i), (g)(2)(ii), and (j)(1) introductory text and by removing paragraph (j)(3) to read as follows:

(a) Pilot certificate. A person may not serve as a required pilot flight crewmember of a civil aircraft of the United States, unless that person—

(1) Has a current and valid pilot certificate or special purpose pilot authorization issued under this part in that person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that pilot certificate or authorization. However, when the aircraft is operated within a foreign country, a current and valid pilot license issued by that country may be used; and

(b) Required pilot certificate for operating a foreign-registered aircraft. A person may not serve as a required pilot flight crewmember of a civil aircraft of foreign registry within the United States, unless that person's pilot certificate—

(c) Medical certificate. (1) Except as provided under paragraph (c)(2) of this section, a person may not serve as a required pilot flight crewmember of an aircraft, unless that person has a valid and appropriate medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter or other documentation acceptable to the FAA that is in that person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft.

(f) * * *

(2) * * *

(i) Holds a current and valid pilot certificate with category and class ratings for that aircraft and a current instrument rating for that category aircraft;

(ii) Holds a current and valid airline transport pilot certificate with category and class ratings for that aircraft; or

(g) * * *

(2) * * *

(i) Holds a current and valid pilot certificate with category and class ratings for that aircraft and a current instrument rating for that category aircraft;

(ii) Holds a current and valid airline transport pilot certificate with category and class ratings for that aircraft; or

(j) * * *

(1) Age limitation. No person who holds a pilot certificate issued under this part may serve as a pilot on a civil aircraft of the United States in the following operations if the person has reached his or her 60th birthday—

4. Amend § 61.19 by revising paragraphs (b), (d), and (e) to read as follows:

(b) Student pilot certificate. (1) For student pilots who have not reached their 40th birthday, if the medical portion of the certificate is current, the student pilot certificate remains current for 36 calendar months from the month issued.

(2) For student pilots who have reached their 40th birthday, if the medical portion of the certificate is current, the student pilot certificate remains current for 24 calendar months from the month issued.

(3) For student pilots seeking a glider or balloon rating only, the student pilot certificate remains current for 36 calendar months from the month issued, regardless of the student pilot's age.

(d) Flight instructor certificate. A flight instructor certificate:

(1) Is issued without a specific expiration date;

(2) Remains current as long as the holder complies with § 61.197 of this part (recent flight instructor experience) every 24 calendar months or § 61.199 of this part (reinstatement); and

(3) Is valid only as long as the holder of the certificate maintains a valid U.S. pilot certificate.

(e) Ground instructor certificate. A ground instructor certificate:

(1) Is issued without a specific expiration date; and

(2) Remains current as long as the holder complies with the requirements under § 61.217 of this part.

5. Amend § 61.23 by:

A. Revising paragraph (a)(3)(iv);

B. Redesignating paragraph (a)(3)(v) as (a)(3)(vi);

C. Adding new paragraphs (a)(3)(v) and (vii);

D. Revising newly designated paragraph (vi);

E. Revising paragraphs (b)(3), (7), and (8); and

F. Adding a new paragraph (b)(9) to read as follows:

(a) * * *

(3) * * *

(iv) When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate and acting as the pilot in command;

(v) When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate and serving as a required pilot flight crewmember;

(vi) When taking a practical test in an aircraft for a recreational pilot, private pilot, commercial pilot, or airline transport pilot certificate, or for a flight instructor certificate; or

(vii) When performing the duties as an Examiner in an aircraft when administering a practical test or proficiency check for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization.

(b) * * *

(3) When exercising the privileges of a pilot certificate with a glider category rating or balloon class rating in a glider or a balloon, as appropriate;

(7) When serving as an Examiner or check airman and administering a practical test or proficiency check for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization conducted in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight training device;

(8) When taking a practical test or a proficiency check for a certificate, rating, authorization or operating privilege conducted in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight training device; or

(9) When a pilot of the U.S. Armed Forces can show a current medical examination for pilot flight status from a medical facility of the U.S. Armed Forces and the flight does not involve air transportation services under parts 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter.

6. Amend § 61.29 by:

A. Removing paragraph (d)(3);

B. Re-designating existing paragraphs (d)(4) and (d)(5) as paragraphs (d)(3) and (d)(4); and

C. Revising newly re-designated paragraph (d)(4) to read as follows:

(d) * * *

(4) Any information regarding the—

(i) Grade, number, and date of issuance of the airman certificate and ratings, if appropriate;

(ii) Class of medical certificate, the place and date of the medical exam, name of the Airman Medical Examiner (AME), and the circumstances concerning the loss of the original medical certificate, as appropriate; and

(iii) Date the knowledge test was taken, if appropriate.

7. Amend § 61.31 by:

A. Revising paragraph (d);

B. Re-designating existing paragraph (k) as (l); and

C. Adding new paragraph (k) to read as follows:

(d) Aircraft category, class, and type ratings: Limitations on operating an aircraft as the pilot in command. To serve as the pilot in command of an aircraft, a person must—

(1) Hold the appropriate category, class, and type rating (if a class or type rating is required) for the aircraft to be flown; or

(2) Have received training required by this part that is appropriate to the pilot certification level, aircraft category, class, and type rating (if a class or type rating is required) for the aircraft to be flown, and have received an endorsement for solo flight in that aircraft from an authorized instructor.

(k) Additional training required for night vision goggle operations. (1) Except as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of this section, no person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft using night vision goggles unless that person receives and logs ground training from an authorized instructor and obtains a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies the person completed the ground training. The ground training must include the following subjects:

(i) Applicable portions of this chapter that relate to night vision goggle limitations and flight operations;

(ii) Aeromedical factors relating to the use of night vision goggles, including how to protect night vision, how the eyes adapt to night, self-imposed stresses that affect night vision, effects of lighting on night vision, cues used to estimate distance and depth perception at night, and visual illusions;

(iii) Normal, abnormal, and emergency operations of night vision goggle equipment;

(iv) Night vision goggle performance and scene interpretation; and

(v) Night vision goggle operation flight planning, including night terrain interpretation and factors affecting terrain interpretation.

(2) Except as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of this section, no person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft using night vision goggles unless that person receives and logs flight training from an authorized instructor and obtains a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient in the use of night vision goggles. The flight training must include the following tasks:

(i) Preparation and use of internal and external aircraft lighting systems for night vision goggle operations;

(ii) Preflight preparation of night vision goggles for night vision goggle operations;

(iii) Proper piloting techniques when using night vision goggles during the takeoff, climb, enroute, descent, and landing phases of flight; and

(iv) Normal, abnormal, and emergency flight operations using night vision goggles.

(3) The requirements under paragraphs (k)(1) and (2) of this section do not apply if a person can document satisfactory completion of any of the following pilot proficiency checks using night vision goggles in an aircraft:

(i) A pilot proficiency check for using night vision goggles conducted by the U.S. Armed Forces; or

(ii) A pilot proficiency check for using night vision goggles under part 135 of this chapter conducted by an Examiner or check airman.

8. Amend § 61.35 by revising paragraph (a)(2)(iv) to read as follows:

(a) * * *

(2) * * *

(iv) Permanent mailing address. If the permanent mailing address includes a post office box number, then provide a current residential address.

9. Amend § 61.39 by revising paragraphs (b)(2), (c)(1) , (c)(2), (d), and (e) to read as follows:

(b) * * *

(2) Is employed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a flight crewmember in U.S. military air transport operations at the time of the practical test and has completed the pilot in command aircraft qualification training program that is appropriate to the pilot certificate and rating sought.

(c) * * *

(1) Holds a valid foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation that authorizes at least the privileges of the pilot certificate sought;

(2) Is only applying for a type rating; or

(d) If all increments of the practical test are not completed in 1 day, all remaining increments of the test must be completed within 2 calendar months after the month the applicant began the test.

(e) If all increments of the practical test are not completed within 2 calendar months after the month the applicant began the test, the applicant must retake the entire practical test.

10. Amend § 61.43 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:

(a) Completion of the practical test for a certificate or rating consists of—

(1) Performing the tasks specified in the areas of operation for the airman certificate or rating sought within the approved practical test standards;

(2) Demonstrating mastery of the aircraft by performing each task successfully;

(3) Demonstrating proficiency and competency within the approved standards; and

(4) Demonstrating sound judgment.

(b) The pilot flight crew complement required during the practical test is based on one of the following requirements that applies to the aircraft being used on the practical test:

(1) If the aircraft's FAA-approved flight manual requires the pilot flight crew complement be a single pilot, then the applicant must demonstrate single pilot proficiency on the practical test.

(2) If the aircraft's type certification data sheet requires the pilot flight crew complement be a single pilot, then the applicant must demonstrate single pilot proficiency on the practical test.

(3) If the FAA Flight Standardization Board report, FAA-approved aircraft flight manual, or aircraft type certification data sheet allows the pilot flight crew complement to be either a single pilot, or a pilot and a copilot, then the applicant may demonstrate single pilot proficiency or have a copilot on the practical test. If the applicant performs the practical test with a copilot, the limitation of “Second in Command Required” will be placed on the applicant's pilot certificate. The limitation may be removed if the applicant passes the practical test by demonstrating single-pilot proficiency in the aircraft in which single-pilot privileges are sought.

11. Amend § 61.45 by revising paragraphs (a)(2)(iii) and (c) to read as follows:

(a) * * *

(2) * * *

(iii) A military aircraft of the same category, class, and type, if class and type are applicable, for which the applicant is applying for a certificate or rating, and provided—

(A) The aircraft is under the direct operational control of the U.S. Armed Forces;

(B) The aircraft is airworthy under the maintenance standards of the U.S. Armed Forces; and

(C) The applicant has a letter from his or her commanding officer authorizing the use of the aircraft for the practical test.

(c) Required controls. Except for lighter-than-air aircraft and gliders, an aircraft used for a practical test must have engine power controls and flight controls that are easily reached and operable in a conventional manner by both pilots, unless the Examiner determines that the practical test can be conducted safely in the aircraft without the controls easily reached by the Examiner.

12. Amend § 61.51 by:

A. Adding new paragraph (b)(3)(iv);

B. Revising paragraph (b)(1)(iv), (b)(2)(v), (b)(3)(iii), (e), the heading of paragraph (g) and paragraph (g)(4); and

C. Adding new paragraphs (j) and (k) to read as follows:

(b) * * *

(1) * * *

(iv) Type and identification of aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or personal computer aviation training device, as appropriate.

(2) * * *

(v) Training received in a flight simulator, flight training device, or personal computer aviation training device from an authorized instructor.

(3) * * *

(iii) Simulated instrument conditions in flight, a flight simulator, flight training device, or personal computer aviation training device.

(iv) Use of night vision goggles in an aircraft in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device.

(e) Logging pilot in command flight time. (1) A recreational, private, commercial, or airline transport pilot may log pilot in command flight time for flights—

(i) When the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which the pilot is rated, or has sport pilot privileges;

(ii) When the pilot is the sole occupant in the aircraft;

(iii) When the pilot, except for a recreational pilot, acts as pilot in command of an aircraft for which more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is conducted; or

(iv) When the pilot performs the duties of pilot in command while under the supervision of a qualified pilot in command provided—

(A) The pilot performing the duties of pilot in command holds a current and valid commercial or airline transport pilot certificate and aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category and class of aircraft being flown, if a class rating is appropriate;

(B) The pilot performing the duties of pilot in command is undergoing an approved pilot in command training program that includes ground and flight training on the following areas of operation—

(1) Preflight preparation;

(2) Preflight procedures;

(3) Takeoff and departure;

(4) In-flight maneuvers;

(5) Instrument procedures;

(6) Landings and approaches to landings;

(7) Normal and abnormal procedures;

(8) Emergency procedures; and

(9) Postflight procedures;

(C) The supervising pilot in command holds a—

(1) Current and valid commercial pilot certificate and flight instructor certificate, and aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category, class, and type of aircraft being flown, if a class or type rating is required; or

(2) Current and valid airline transport pilot certificate and aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category, class, and type of aircraft being flown, if a class or type rating is required; and

(D) The supervising pilot in command logs the pilot in command training in the pilot's logbook, certifies the pilot in command training in the pilot's logbook, and attests to that certification with his or her signature, and flight instructor certificate number.

(2) If rated to act as pilot in command of the aircraft, an airline transport pilot may log all flight time while acting as pilot in command of an operation requiring an airline transport pilot certificate.

(3) A certificated flight instructor may log pilot in command time for all flight time while serving as the authorized instructor in an operation if the instructor is rated to act as pilot in command of that aircraft.

(g) Logging instrument time.

(4) A person can use time in a flight simulator, flight training device, or personal computer aviation training device for acquiring instrument aeronautical experience for a pilot certificate, rating, or instrument recency experience, provided an authorized instructor is present to observe that time and signs the person's logbook to verify the time and the content of the training session.

(j) Aircraft requirements for logging flight time. For a person to log flight time, the time must be acquired in an aircraft that is identified as an aircraft under § 61.5(b), and is—

(1) An aircraft of U.S. registry with a current standard, limited, restricted, experimental, or primary airworthiness certificate;

(2) A light sport aircraft for a sport pilot rating or privilege;

(3) An aircraft of foreign registry with an airworthiness certificate that is approved by the aviation authority of a foreign country that is a member state to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Organization;

(4) A military aircraft under the direct operational control of the U.S. Armed Forces; or

(5) A public aircraft under the direct operational control of a Federal, State, County, or Municipal law enforcement agency, if the flight time was acquired by the pilot while engaged on an official law enforcement flight for a Federal, State, County, or Municipal law enforcement agency.

(k) Logging night vision goggle time. (1) A person may log night vision goggle time only for the time the person uses night vision goggles as the primary visual reference of the surface and operates:

(i) An aircraft during a night vision goggle operation; or

(ii) A flight simulator or flight training device with the lighting system adjusted to represent the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise.

(2) An authorized instructor may log night vision goggle time when that person conducts training using night vision goggles as the primary visual reference of the surface and operates:

(i) An aircraft during a night goggle operation; or

(ii) A flight simulator or flight training device with the lighting system adjusted to represent the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise.

(3) To log night vision goggle time to meet the recent night vision goggle experience requirements under § 61.57(f), a person must log the information required under § 61.51(b).

13. Amend § 61.57 by revising paragraph (c) and (d); and adding new paragraphs (f) and (g) to read as follows:

(c) Instrument experience. Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command under IFR or weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR unless:

(1) Use of an airplane, powered-lift, helicopter, or airship for maintaining instrument experience. Within the 6 calendar months preceding a flight, that person performed and logged at least the following tasks, iterations, and flight time in an airplane, powered-lift, helicopter, or airship, as appropriate, for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained in actual weather conditions, or under simulated conditions using a view-limiting device that involves performing the following—

(i) Six instrument approaches consisting of both precision and non-precision approaches.

(ii) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.

(iii) One hour of cross-country flying that involves intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival, approach, and missed approach phase of flight.

(2) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for maintaining instrument experience. Within the 6 calendar months preceding the flight, that person performed and logged at least the following tasks, iterations, and simulation time in a flight simulator or flight training device, provided the flight simulator or flight training device represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and the person uses a view-limiting device that involves performing the following—

(i) Three hours of instrument experience.

(ii) Two 180-degree steep turns involving turns in both directions.

(iii) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.

(iv) Six precision approaches.

(v) Six non-precision approaches.

(vi) Two usual altitude recoveries while in a descending, V_ne airspeed condition and two usual altitude recoveries while in an ascending, stall speed condition.

(vii) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation that involves intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival, approach, and missed approach phase of flight.

(3) Use of a personal computer aviation training device for maintaining instrument experience. Within the 2 calendar months preceding the flight, that person performed and logged at least the following tasks, iterations, and simulation time in a personal computer aviation training device and the person uses a view-limiting device that involves performing the following—

(i) Three hours of instrument experience.

(ii) Two 180-degree steep turns involving turns in both directions.

(iii) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.

(iv) Six precision approaches.

(v) Six non-precision approaches.

(vi) Two usual altitude recoveries while in a descending, V_ne airspeed condition and two usual altitude recoveries while in an ascending, stall speed condition.

(vii) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation that involves intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival, approach, and missed approach phase of flight.

(4) Combination of completing instrument experience in an aircraft and a flight simulator, flight training device, or personal computer aviation training device. A person who elects to complete the instrument experience with a combination of an aircraft, and a flight simulator, flight training device, or personal computer aviation training device must have within the 6 calendar months preceding the flight performed and logged—

(i) One hour of cross-country flying in an airplane, powered-lift, helicopter, or airship, as appropriate, for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained in actual weather conditions, or under simulated conditions using a view-limiting device and performing the tasks of intercepting and tracking courses by the use of navigation systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival, approach, and missed approach phase of flight; and

(ii) Three hours of instrument experience using a view-limiting device in a flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation training device that represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and involves performing at least the following tasks—

(A) Two 180-degree steep turns involving turns in both directions.

(B) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.

(C) Six precision approaches.

(D) Six non-precision approaches.

(E) Two usual altitude recoveries while in a descending, V_ne airspeed condition and two usual altitude recoveries while in an ascending, stall speed condition.

(F) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation that involves intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival, approach, and missed approach phase of flight.

(5) Combination of completing instrument experience in a flight simulator or flight training device, and a personal computer aviation training device. A person who elects to complete the instrument experience with a combination of a flight simulator or flight training device, and a personal computer aviation training device must have within the 6 calendar months preceding the flight performed and logged—

(i) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation using a view-limiting device in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and involves performing the tasks of intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival, approach, and missed approach phase of flight; and

(ii) Three hours of instrument experience using a view-limiting device in a personal computer aviation training device that represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and involves performing at least the following tasks—

(A) Two 180-degree steep turns involving turns in both directions.

(B) One complete holding pattern at a radio station and one complete holding pattern at an intersection or at a waypoint.

(C) Six precision approaches.

(D) Six non-precision approaches.

(E) Two usual altitude recoveries while in a descending, V_ne airspeed condition and two usual altitude recoveries while in an ascending, stall speed condition.

(F) One hour of a simulated cross-country operation that involves intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems, performing a takeoff, area departure, enroute, area arrival, approach, and missed approach phase of flight.

(6) Maintaining instrument recent experience in a glider.

(i) Unless the person has performed and logged flight time in a glider for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained in actual weather conditions or under simulated conditions that include the following:

(A) One hour of instrument flight time in a glider or in a single-engine airplane using a view limiting device while performing cross-country practice operations that involve intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems while performing an area departure, enroute, and area arrival phase of flight; and

(B) Two hours of instrument flight time in a glider or a single-engine airplane with the use of a view limiting device while performing straight glides, turns to specific headings, steep turns, flight at various airspeeds, navigation, and slow flight and stalls.

(ii) Before a pilot is allowed to carry a passenger in a glider under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR, that pilot also must have logged and performed 2 hours of instrument flight time in a glider using a view limiting device while performing performance maneuvers, performance airspeeds, navigation, slow flight, and stalls.

(d) Instrument proficiency check. Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, a person who does not meet the instrument experience requirements of paragraph (c) of this section within the 12 calendar months before the flight may not serve as pilot in command under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR until having passed an instrument proficiency check that consists of the tasks required by the instrument rating practical test.

(f) Night vision goggle operating experience. (1) No person may act as a pilot in command in a night vision goggle operation with passengers on board unless, within 2 calendar months before the flight, that person performs and logs the following tasks as the sole manipulator of the controls on a flight during a night vision goggle operation—

(i) Three takeoffs and three landings, with each takeoff and landing including a climbout, cruise, descent, and approach phase of flight (only required if the pilot wants to use night vision goggles during the takeoff and landing phases of the flight).

(ii) Three hovering tasks (only required if the pilot wants to use night vision goggles when operating helicopters or powered-lifts during the hovering phase of flight).

(iii) Three area departure and area arrival tasks.

(iv) Three tasks of transitioning from aided night flight (aided night flight means where the pilot uses night vision goggles to maintain visual surface reference) to unaided night flight (unaided night flight means where the pilot does not use night vision goggles) and back to aided night flight.

(v) Three night vision goggle operations, or when operating helicopters or powered-lifts, six night vision goggle operations.

(2) No person may act as a pilot in command using night vision goggles unless, within 4 calendar months before the flight, that person performs and logs the tasks listed in paragraph (f)(1)(i) through (v) of this section as the sole manipulator of the controls during a night vision goggle operation.

(g) Night vision goggle proficiency check. A person must either meet the night vision goggle experience requirements of paragraphs (f)(1) or (f)(2) of this section or pass a night vision goggle proficiency check to act as pilot in command using night vision goggles. The proficiency check must be performed in the category of aircraft that is appropriate to the night vision goggle operation the person is seeking the night vision goggle privilege or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of that category of aircraft. The check must consist of the tasks listed under § 61.31(l) of this part, and the check must be performed by:

(1) An Examiner who is qualified and current to perform night vision goggle operations in that same aircraft category and class;

(2) A person who is authorized by the U.S. Armed Forces to perform night vision goggle proficiency checks, provided the person being administered the check is also member of the U.S. Armed Forces;

(3) A company check pilot who is authorized to perform night vision goggle proficiency checks under parts 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter, provided that both the check pilot and the pilot being tested are employees of that operator;

(4) An authorized flight instructor who is qualified and current to perform night vision goggle operations in that same aircraft category and class;

(5) A person who is qualified and current as pilot in command for night vision goggle operations in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section; or

(6) A person approved by the FAA to perform night vision goggle proficiency checks.

14. Amend § 61.59 by revising the section heading, paragraphs (a)(1) through (4), and (b); and adding new paragraphs (c) and (d) to read as follows:

(a) * * *

(1) A fraudulent or intentionally false statement on any application for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization, or duplicate thereof, issued under this part;

(2) A fraudulent or intentionally false entry in any logbook, record, or report that is required to show compliance with any requirement for the issuance of or exercise of the privileges of an airman certificate, rating, or authorization;

(3) A reproduction of an airman certificate, rating, or authorization for fraudulent purposes; or

(4) An alteration of an airman certificate, rating, or authorization.

(b) The commission by any person of an act prohibited under paragraph (a) of this section is basis for—

(1) Suspending or revoking an airman certificate or ratings held by that person;

(2) Withdrawing authorizations held by that person; and

(3) Denying all applications for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization requested by that person.

(c) An incorrect statement made on an application for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization can serve as basis for suspending, revoking, or denying an airman certificate, rating, or authorization.

(d) An incorrect entry made in a logbook, record, or report to show compliance with any requirements for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization can serve as basis for suspending, revoking, or denying an airman certificate, rating, or authorization.

15. Revise § 61.63 to read as follows:

(a) General. For an additional aircraft rating on a pilot certificate, other than for an airline transport pilot certificate, a person must meet the requirements of this section appropriate to the additional aircraft rating sought.

(b) Additional aircraft category rating. A person who applies to add a category rating to a pilot certificate:

(1) Must complete the training and have the applicable aeronautical experience.

(2) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor attesting that the person was found competent in the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the appropriate areas of operation.

(3) Must pass the practical test.

(4) Need not take an additional knowledge test if the person holds an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating at that pilot certificate level.

(c) Additional aircraft class rating. A person who applies for an additional class rating on a pilot certificate:

(1) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor attesting that the person was found competent in the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the appropriate areas of operation.

(2) Must pass the practical test.

(3) Need not meet the training time and iteration requirements under this part that apply to the pilot certificate for the aircraft class rating sought. If the person holds only a lighter-than-air category rating with a balloon class rating and seeks an airship class rating, then that person must receive the required training and possess the appropriate aeronautical experience.

(4) Need not take an additional knowledge test if the person holds an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating at that pilot certificate level.

(d) Additional aircraft type rating. Except as provided under paragraph (d)(6) of this section, a person who applies for an aircraft type rating or an aircraft type rating to be completed concurrently with an aircraft category or class rating—

(1) Must hold or concurrently obtain an appropriate instrument rating, except as provided in paragraph (h) of this section.

(2) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor attesting that the person is competent in the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the appropriate areas of operation at the airline transport pilot certification level.

(3) Must pass the practical test at the airline transport pilot certification level.

(4) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section.

(5) Need not take an additional knowledge test if the applicant holds an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating on the pilot certificate.

(6) In the case of a pilot employee of a part 121 or part 135 certificate holder, the pilot must—

(i) Meet the appropriate requirements under paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(3), and (d)(4) of this section; and

(ii) Receive a flight training record endorsement from the certificate holder attesting that the person completed the certificate holder's approved ground and flight training program.

(e) Aircraft not capable of instrument maneuvers and procedures. (1) An applicant for a type rating or a type rating in addition to an aircraft category and/or class rating who provides an aircraft that is not capable of the instrument maneuvers and procedures required on the practical test:

(i) May apply for the type rating, but the rating would be limited to “VFR only.”

(ii) May have the “VFR only” limitation removed for that aircraft type after the applicant:

(A) Passes a practical test in that type of aircraft in actual or simulated instrument conditions;

(B) Passes a practical test in that type of aircraft on the appropriate instrument maneuvers and procedures under § 61.157 of this part; or

(C) Becomes qualified under § 61.73(d) of this part for that type of aircraft.

(2) When an instrument rating is issued to a person who holds one or more type ratings, the amended pilot certificate must bear the “VFR only” limitation for each aircraft type rating that the person did not demonstrate instrument competency.

(f) Multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station. An applicant for a type rating, at other than the ATP certification level, in a multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in the multi-seat version of that airplane, or the practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test in the case where there is no multi-seat version of that multiengine airplane.

(g) Single-engine airplane with a single-pilot station. An applicant for a type rating, at other than the ATP certification level, in a single engine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in the multi-seat version of that single-engine airplane, or the practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test in the case where there is no multi-seat version of that single-engine airplane.

(h) Aircraft category and class ratings for the operation of aircraft with experimental certificates. A person holding a recreational, private, or commercial pilot certificate may apply for a category and class rating limited to a specific make and model of experimental aircraft, provided—

(1) The person logged 5 hours flight time while acting as pilot in command in the same category, class, make, and model of aircraft.

(2) The person received a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who determined the pilot's proficiency to act as pilot in command of the same category, class, make, and model of aircraft.

(3) The flight time specified under paragraph (h)(1) of this section must have been logged between September 1, 2004 and August 31, 2005.

(i) Waiver authority. An Examiner who conducts a practical test may waive any task for which the FAA has provided waiver authority.

16. Add new § 61.64 to read as follows:

(a) Use of a flight simulator for the airplane rating. If an applicant uses a flight simulator for training or the practical test for an airplane category, class, or type rating—

(1) The flight simulator—

(i) Must represent the category, class, and type of airplane rating (if a type rating is applicable) for the rating sought;

(ii) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter; or under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that air carrier operator;

(iii) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level C flight simulator if the applicant performs any portion of the practical test in the flight simulator; and

(iv) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level A flight simulator if the applicant uses the flight simulator for any training;

(2) If the type rating is for a turbojet airplane, the applicant must—

(i) Hold a type rating in a turbojet airplane of the same class of airplane, and that type rating may not contain a supervised operating experience limitation;

(ii) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different turbojet airplanes of the same class of airplane;

(iii) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a pilot in command in a turbojet airplane of the same class of airplane; or

(iv) Have 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane.

(3) If the type rating is for a turbo propeller airplane, the applicant must—

(i) Hold a type rating in a turbo-propeller airplane of the same class of airplane, and that type rating may not contain a supervised operating experience limitation;

(ii) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different turbo-propeller airplanes of the same class of airplane;

(iii) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a pilot in command in a turbo-propeller airplane of the same class of airplane; or

(iv) Have 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane.

(4) If the applicant does not meet the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section, then—

(i) The applicant must complete the following tasks on the practical test in the airplane of the category, class, and type of airplane rating (if a type rating is applicable) for which the airplane rating applies: preflight inspection, normal takeoff, normal instrument landing system approach, missed approach, and normal landing.

(ii) After passing the practical test, the applicant's pilot certificate must state: “The [name the category, class, and type of airplane rating (if a type rating is applicable)] is subject to additional pilot in command limitations,” and the applicant is restricted from serving as a pilot in command in that category, class, and type of airplane rating (if a type rating is applicable).

(iii) The limitation described under paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section may be removed from the applicant's pilot certificate if the applicant—

(A) Logs 25 hours of flight time in the category and class of airplane for the rating sought, and if a type rating is being sought, the flight time must be performed in the same type of airplane for the type rating sought;

(B) Performs the 25 hours of flight time under the direct observation of a pilot in command who holds the appropriate airplane category, class, and type rating, without limitations, in the same category, class, and type of airplane rating, if a type rating is applicable;

(C) Logs each flight and the pilot in command who observed the flight attests to each flight;

(D) Obtains the flight time while in the pilot in command seat of the appropriate airplane category, class, and type, if a type rating is appropriate; and

(E) Has an Examiner review the pilot logbook and endorse that logbook, attesting to compliance with the required supervised operating experience.

(b) Use of a flight training device for the airplane rating. If an applicant uses a flight training device for training for the airplane category, class, or type rating, the applicant must meet the requirements of paragraph (a)(2), (a)(3) or (a)(4) of this section, and the flight training device—

(1) Must represent the category, class, and type of airplane rating (if a type rating is applicable) for the rating.

(2) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter, or under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that air carrier operator.

(3) Must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 2 flight training device if the applicant completes the entire practical test in the airplane.

(4) Must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 5 flight training device if the applicant uses a flight simulator for any portion of the practical test.

(c) Use of a flight simulator for the helicopter rating. If an applicant uses a flight simulator for training or the practical test for the helicopter class or type rating,

(1) The flight simulator—

(i) Must represent the class and type of helicopter rating (if a type rating is applicable) for the rating;

(ii) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter, or under part 135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that part 135 operator;

(iii) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level C flight simulator if the applicant performs any portion of the practical test in a flight simulator; and

(iv) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level A flight simulator if the applicant uses a flight simulator for any training.

(2) The applicant must meet one of the following requirements—

(i) Hold a type rating in a helicopter and that type rating may not contain the supervised operating experience limitation;

(ii) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a pilot in command of a helicopter;

(iii) Have 500 hours of flight time in the type of helicopter; or

(iv) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different types of helicopters.

(3) If the applicant does not meet any of the requirements of paragraph (c)(2) of this section, then—

(i) The applicant must complete the following tasks on the practical test in the helicopter class and type rating (if a type rating is applicable) for which the rating applies: Preflight inspection, normal takeoff, normal instrument landing system approach, missed approach, and normal landing.

(ii) After passing the practical test, the applicant's pilot certificate must state: “The [name the helicopter class, and type of helicopter rating (if a type rating is applicable)] rating is subject to additional pilot in command limitations,” and the applicant is restricted from serving as a pilot in command in that helicopter class and type of helicopter rating (if a type rating is applicable).

(iii) The limitation described under paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section may be removed from the pilot certificate if the applicant complies with the following—

(A) Logs 25 hours of flight time in the class of helicopter for the rating sought, and if the person applied for a type rating, the flight time must be performed in the same type of helicopter for the type rating sought;

(B) Performs the 25 hours of flight time under the direct observation of a pilot in command who holds the appropriate class and type of helicopter rating (if a type rating is applicable), without limitations, in the same class, and type of helicopter rating, if a type rating is applicable;

(C) Logs each flight and the pilot in command who observed the flight attests to each flight;

(D) Performs the flight time while in the pilot in command seat of the appropriate class and type of helicopter rating, if a type rating is appropriate; and

(E) Has an Examiner review the pilot logbook and endorse that logbook, attesting to compliance with the required supervised operating experience.

(d) Use of a flight training device for the helicopter rating. If an applicant uses a flight training device for training for the helicopter class or type rating, the applicant must meet the requirements of either paragraph (c)(2) or (3) of this section and the flight training device—

(1) Must represent the class and type of helicopter rating (if a type rating is applicable) for the rating.

(2) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter, or under part 135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that part 135 operator.

(3) Must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 2 flight training device if the applicant completes the entire practical test in the helicopter.

(4) Must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 5 flight training device if the applicant uses a flight simulator for any portion of the practical test.

(e) Use of a flight simulator for the powered-lift rating. If an applicant uses a flight simulator for training or the practical test for the powered-lift category or type rating—

(1) The flight simulator—

(i) Must represent the category and type of powered-lift rating (if a type rating is applicable) for the rating;

(ii) Must be used in accordance with an approved course of training under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter, or under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that air carrier operator;

(iii) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level C flight simulator if the applicant performs any portion of the practical test in a flight simulator; and

(iv) At a minimum, must be qualified and approved as a Level A flight simulator if the applicant uses a flight simulator for any training.

(2) The applicant must meet one of the following requirements—

(i) Hold a type rating in a powered-lift without a supervised operating experience limitation;

(ii) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as a pilot in command of a powered-lift;

(iii) Have 500 hours of flight time in the type of powered-lift; or

(iv) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different types of powered-lifts.

(3) If the applicant does not meet any of the requirements of paragraph (e)(2) of this section, then—

(i) The applicant must complete the following tasks on the practical test in the powered-lift of the category and type of powered-lift rating (if a type rating is applicable) for which the rating applies: preflight inspection, normal takeoff, normal instrument landing system approach, missed approach, and normal landing.

(ii) After passing the practical test, the applicant's pilot certificate must state: “The [name of the category and type of powered-lift rating (if a type rating is applicable)] rating is subject to additional pilot in command limitations,” and that applicant is restricted from serving as a pilot in command in that category and type of powered-lift rating (if a type rating is applicable).

(iii) The limitation described under paragraph (e)(3)(ii) of this section may be removed from the pilot certificate if the applicant complies with the following—

(A) Logs 25 hours of flight time in the powered-lift category for the rating sought, and if a type rating is being sought, the flight time must be performed in the same type of powered-lift for the type rating sought;

(B) Performs the 25 hours flight time under the direct observation of a pilot in command who holds the category and type of powered-lift rating (if a type rating is applicable), without limitations, in the same category and type of powered-lift rating, if a type rating is applicable;

(C) Logs each flight and the pilot in command who observed the flight attests to each flight;

(D) Performs the flight time while in the pilot in command seat of the appropriate category and type of powered-lift rating, if a type rating is appropriate; and

(E) Has an Examiner review the pilot logbook and endorse that logbook, attesting to compliance with the required supervised operating experience.

(f) Use of a flight training device for the powered-lift rating. Whenever an applicant uses a flight training device for training for the powered-lift category or type rating, the flight training device must meet the following requirements, and the applicant must meet the requirements of either paragraph (e)(2) or (e)(3) of this section.

(1) The flight training device must represent the class and type of powered-lift rating (if a type rating is applicable) for the rating.

(2) The flight training device must be used in accordance with an approved course of training under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter; or under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that air carrier operator.

(3) If the applicant completes the entire practical test in the powered-lift, the flight training device used for training must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 2 flight training device.

(4) If an applicant uses a flight simulator for any portion of the practical test, the flight training device used for training must be qualified and approved at or above a Level 5 flight training device.

17. Amend § 61.65 by:

A. Revising paragraph (d);

B. Redesignating existing paragraph (e) as paragraph (g);

C. Adding new paragraphs (e), (f), and (h);

D. Revising newly designated paragraph (g) to read as follows:

(d) Aeronautical experience for the instrument-airplane rating. A person who applies for an instrument-airplane rating must have logged:

(1) Fifty hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, of which 10 hours must have been in an airplane; and

(2) Forty hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas of operation listed in paragraph (c) of this section, of which 15 hours must have been received from an authorized instructor who holds an instrument-airplane rating, and the instrument time includes:

(i) Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized instructor in an airplane that is appropriate to the instrument-airplane rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test; and

(ii) Instrument flight training on cross-country flight procedures, including one cross-country flight in an airplane with an authorized instructor, that is performed under instrument flight rules, and a flight plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, and involves—

(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles along airways or by directed routing from an air traffic control facility;

(B) An instrument approach at each airport; and

(C) Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems.

(e) Aeronautical experience for the instrument-helicopter rating. A person who applies for an instrument-helicopter rating must have logged:

(1) Fifty hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, of which 10 hours must have been in a helicopter; and

(2) Forty hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas of operation listed under paragraph (c) of this section, of which 15 hours must have been with an authorized instructor who holds an instrument-helicopter rating, and the instrument time includes:

(i) Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized instructor in a helicopter that is appropriate to the instrument-helicopter rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test; and

(ii) Instrument flight training on cross-country flight procedures, including one cross-country flight in a helicopter with an authorized instructor that is performed under instrument flight rules and a flight plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, and involves—

(A) A flight of 100 nautical miles along airways or by directed routing from an air traffic control facility;

(B) An instrument approach at each airport; and

(C) Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems.

(f) Aeronautical experience for the instrument-powered-lift rating. A person who applies for an instrument-powered-lift rating must have logged:

(1) Fifty hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, of which 10 hours cross-country must have been in a powered-lift; and

(2) Forty hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas of operation listed under paragraph (c) of this section, of which 15 hours must have been received from an authorized instructor who holds an instrument-powered-lift rating, and the instrument time includes:

(i) Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized instructor in a powered-lift that is appropriate to the instrument-powered-lift rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test; and

(ii) Instrument flight training on cross-country flight procedures, including one cross-country flight in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor that is performed under instrument flight rules and a flight plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, and involves—

(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles along airways or by directed routing from an air traffic control facility;

(B) An instrument approach at each airport; and

(C) Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems.

(g) Use of flight simulators or flight training devices. If the instrument time was provided by an authorized instructor in a flight simulator or flight training device—

(1) A maximum of 30 hours may be performed in that flight simulator or flight training device if the instrument time was completed in accordance with part 142 of this chapter; or

(2) A maximum of 20 hours may be performed in that flight simulator or flight training device if the instrument time was not completed in accordance with part 142 of this chapter.

(h) Use of a personal computer aviation training device. A maximum of 10 hours of instrument time received in a personal computer aviation training device may be credited for the instrument time requirements of this section if—

(1) The device is approved and authorized by the FAA;

(2) An authorized instructor provides the instrument time in the device;

(3) No more than 10 hours of instrument time in a flight simulator or flight training device was credited for the instrument time requirements of this section;

(4) A view limiting device was worn by the applicant when logging instrument time in the device; and

(5) The FAA approved the instrument training and instrument tasks performed in the device.

18. Amend § 61.69 by revising paragraphs (a)(1), (4), and (6) introductory text to read as follows:

(a) * * *

(1) Holds a current and valid private, commercial or airline transport pilot certificate with a category rating for powered aircraft;

(4) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, has logged at least three flights as the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft while towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle, or has simulated towing flight procedures in an aircraft while accompanied by a pilot who meets the requirements of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section.

(6) Within 24 calendar months before the flight has—

19. Revise § 61.73 to read as follows:

(a) General. Except for a person who has been removed from flying status for lack of proficiency or because of a disciplinary action involving aircraft operations, a U.S. military pilot or former military pilot who meets the requirements of this section may apply, on the basis of his or her military pilot qualifications, for:

(1) A commercial pilot certificate with the appropriate aircraft category and class rating.

(2) An instrument rating with the appropriate aircraft rating.

(3) A type rating.

(b) Military pilots and former military pilots in an Armed Force of the United States. A person who qualifies as a military pilot or former military pilot in the U.S. Armed Forces may apply for a pilot certificate and ratings under paragraph (a) of this section if that person—

(1) Presents evidentiary documents described under paragraphs (h)(1), (2), and (3) of this section that show the person's status in the U.S. Armed Forces.

(2) Has passed the military competency aeronautical knowledge test on the appropriate parts of this chapter for commercial pilot privileges and limitations, air traffic and general operating rules, and accident reporting rules.

(3) Presents official U.S. military records that shows compliance with one of the following requirements—

(i) Prior to the date of the application, passing an official U.S. military pilot and instrument proficiency check in a military aircraft of the kind of aircraft category, class, and type, if class or type of aircraft is applicable, for the ratings sought; or

(ii) Prior to the date of application, logging 10 hours of pilot time as a military pilot in a U.S. military aircraft in the kind of aircraft category, class, and type, if a class rating or type rating is applicable, for the aircraft rating sought.

(c) A military pilot of an Armed Force of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. A person who is a military pilot of an Armed Force of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation and is assigned to pilot duties in the U.S. Armed Forces, for purposes other than receiving flight training, may apply for a commercial pilot certificate and ratings under paragraph (a) of this section, provided that person—

(1) Presents evidentiary documents described under paragraph (h)(4) of this section that shows the person is a military pilot of an Armed Force of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, and is assigned to pilot duties in an Armed Force of the United States, for purposes other than receiving flight training.

(2) Has passed the military competency aeronautical knowledge test on the appropriate parts of this chapter for commercial pilot privileges and limitations, air traffic and general operating rules, and accident reporting rules.

(3) Presents official U.S. military records that show compliance with one of the following requirements:

(i) Prior to the date of the application, passed an official U.S. military pilot and instrument proficiency check in a military aircraft of the kind of aircraft category, class, or type, if class or type of aircraft is applicable, for the ratings; or

(ii) Prior to the date of application, logged 10 hours of pilot time as a military pilot in a U.S. military aircraft of the kind of category, class, and type of aircraft, if a class rating or type rating is applicable, for the aircraft rating.

(d) Instrument rating. A person who is qualified as a U.S. military pilot or former military pilot may apply for an instrument rating to be added to a pilot certificate if that person has—

(1) Passed an instrument proficiency check by the U.S. Armed Forces in the aircraft category for the instrument rating sought; and

(2) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is instrument pilot qualified by the U.S. Armed Forces to conduct instrument flying on Federal airways in that aircraft category and class for the instrument rating sought.

(e) Aircraft type rating. An aircraft type rating may only be issued for a type of aircraft that has a comparable civilian type designation by the Administrator.

(f) Aircraft type rating placed on an airline transport pilot certificate. A person who is a military pilot or former military pilot of the U.S. Armed Forces and requests an aircraft type rating to be placed on an existing U.S. airline transport pilot certificate may be issued the rating at the airline transport pilot certification level, provided that person:

(1) Holds a category and class rating for that type of aircraft at the airline transport pilot certification level; and

(2) Has passed an official U.S. military pilot check and instrument proficiency check in that type of aircraft.

(g) Flight instructor certificate and ratings. A person who is a U.S. military instructor pilot may apply for and be issued a flight instructor certificate with the appropriate ratings if that person:

(1) Holds a commercial or airline transport pilot certificate with the appropriate aircraft category and class rating, if a class rating is appropriate, for the flight instructor rating sought;

(2) Holds an instrument rating on the pilot certificate that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought; and

(3) Presents the following evidentiary documents:

(i) A knowledge test report that shows the person passed a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed under § 61.185(a) that are appropriate to the flight instructor rating;

(ii) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is qualified as a military instructor pilot for the flight instructor rating;

(iii) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is a military instructor pilot for the flight instructor rating;

(iv) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person graduated from a U.S. Armed Forces' instructor pilot training school and received an aircraft rating qualification as a military instructor pilot that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating; and

(v) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person passed an instructor pilot proficiency check in an aircraft as a military instructor pilot in the U.S. Armed Forces that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating.

(h) Evidentiary documents for qualifying for a pilot certificate and rating. The following documents are required in order for a person to be able to apply for a pilot certificate and rating:

(1) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is or was a military pilot.

(2) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person graduated from a U.S. Armed Forces undergraduate pilot training school and received a rating qualification as a military pilot.

(3) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the pilot passed a pilot proficiency check and instrument proficiency check in an aircraft as a military pilot.

(4) If a person is a military pilot of an Armed Force from a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation and is applying for a pilot certificate and rating, that person must present the following:

(i) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is a military pilot in an Armed Force of the United States;

(ii) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is assigned as a military pilot with an Armed Force of the United States for purposes other than receiving flight training;

(iii) An official record that shows the person graduated from a military undergraduate pilot training school from an Armed Force from a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation or from an Armed Force of the United States, and received a qualification as a military pilot; and

(iv) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows that the person passed a pilot proficiency check and instrument proficiency check in an aircraft as a military pilot in an Armed Force of the United States.

20. Amend § 61.75 by revising paragraphs (a), (b) introductory text, (b)(2), (b)(3), (c), (d) introductory text, (e)(1), (e)(4), (f), and (g) to read as follows:

(a) General. A person who holds a valid foreign pilot license at the private pilot level or higher that was issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may apply for and be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate with the appropriate ratings if the foreign pilot license meets the requirements of this section.

(b) Certificate issued. A U.S. private pilot certificate issued under this section must specify the person's foreign license number and country of issuance. A person who holds a valid foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate based on the foreign pilot license without any further showing of proficiency, provided the applicant:

(1) * * *

(2) Holds a valid foreign pilot license, at the private pilot license level or higher, that does not contain a limitation stating that the applicant has not met all of the standards of ICAO for that license;

(3) Does not hold a U.S. pilot certificate other than a U.S. student pilot certificate;

(c) Aircraft ratings issued. Aircraft ratings listed on a person's foreign pilot license, in addition to any issued after testing under the provisions of this part, may be placed on that person's U.S. pilot certificate for private pilot privileges only.

(d) Instrument ratings issued. A person who holds a valid instrument rating on the foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may be issued an instrument rating on a U.S. pilot certificate provided:

(e) * * *

(1) May act as a pilot in command of a civil aircraft of the United States in accordance with the pilot privileges authorized by this part and the limitations placed on that U.S. pilot certificate;

(4) Cannot exercise the privileges of that U.S. pilot certificate when the person's foreign pilot license is not valid.

(f) Limitation on licenses used as the basis for a U.S. certificate. A person may use only one foreign pilot license as a basis for the issuance of a U.S. pilot certificate. The foreign pilot license and medical certification used as a basis for issuing a U.S. pilot certificate under this section must be written in English or accompanied by an English transcription that has been signed by an official or representative of the foreign aviation authority that issued the foreign pilot license.

(g) Limitation placed on a U.S. pilot certificate. A U.S. pilot certificate issued under this section can only be exercised when the pilot has the foreign pilot license, upon which the issuance of the U.S. pilot certificate was based, in the holder's possession or is readily accessible in the aircraft.

21. Amend § 61.77 by:

A. Revising the section heading; revising paragraphs (a)(2), (b)(1), and (b)(4);

B. Removing paragraph (b)(5); and

C. Redesignating paragraph (b)(6) as (b)(5) to read as follows:

(a) * * *

(2) For carrying persons or property for compensation or hire for operations in—

(i) Scheduled international air services in turbojet-powered airplanes of U.S. registry;

(ii) Scheduled international air services in airplanes of U.S. registry having a configuration of more than nine passenger seats, excluding crewmember seats;

(iii) Nonscheduled international air transportation in airplanes of U.S. registry having a configuration of more than 30 passenger seats, excluding crewmember seats; or

(iv) Scheduled international air services, or nonscheduled international air transportation, in airplanes of U.S. registry having a payload capacity of more than 7,500 pounds.

(b) * * *

(1) A valid foreign pilot license issued by the aeronautical authority of a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation that contains the appropriate aircraft category, class, type rating, if appropriate, and instrument rating for the aircraft to be flown;

(4) Documentation the applicant meets the medical standards for the issuance of the foreign pilot license from the aeronautical authority of that contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation; and

22. Amend § 61.96 by revising paragraphs (b)(7) and (b)(8); and adding a new paragraph (b)(9) to read as follows:

(b) * * *

(7) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation listed under § 61.98(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating;

(8) Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating; and

(9) Hold a U.S. student pilot certificate.

23. Amend § 61.101 by revising paragraph (e)(1)(iii) to read as follows:

(e) * * *

(1) * * *

(iii) With a powerplant of more than 180 horsepower, except aircraft certificated in the rotorcraft category; or

24. Amend § 61.103 by adding new paragraph (j) to read as follows:

(j) Hold a valid U.S. student pilot certificate, or recreational pilot certificate.

25. Amend § 61.109 by revising paragraphs (a)(5)(ii), (b)(5)(ii), (c)(4)(ii), (d)(4)(ii), and (e)(5)(ii) to read as follows:

(a) * * *

(5) * * *

(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 150 nautical miles total distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

(b) * * *

(5) * * *

(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 150 nautical miles total distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

(c) * * *

(4) * * *

(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 100 nautical miles total distance, with landings at three points, and one segment of the flight being a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

(d) * * *

(4) * * *

(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 100 nautical miles total distance, with landings at three points, and one segment of the flight being a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

(e) * * *

(5) * * *

(ii) One solo cross-country flight of 150 nautical miles total distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

26. Amend § 61.127 by:

A. Redesignating paragraphs (b)(4)(vi) through (ix) as (b)(4)(vii) through (x);

B. Adding a new paragraph (b)(4)(vi);

C. Removing paragraph (b)(5)(vii); and

D. Re-designating existing paragraphs (b)(5)(viii) through (xiii) as (b)(5)(vii) through (xii) to read as follows:

(b) * * *

(4) * * *

(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;

27. Amend § 61.129 by revising paragraphs (a)(3)(i), (a)(3)(iii), (a)(3)(iv), (a)(4) introductory text, (b)(3)(i), (b)(3)(iii), (b)(3)(iv), (c)(3)(i), (c)(3)(ii), (c)(3)(iii), (c)(4) introductory text, (d)(3)(i), (d)(3)(ii), (d)(3)(iii), (d)(4) introductory text, (e)(3)(i), (e)(3)(ii), (e)(3)(iii), (e)(4) introductory text, (g)(2) introductory text, (g)(3), (g)(4)(ii), (g)(4)(iii), and (i)(3) to read as follows:

(a) * * *

(3) * * *

(i) 10 hours of instrument training using a view limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. Five of the 10 hours of instrument training must be in a single-engine airplane;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a single-engine airplane in day-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a single-engine airplane in night-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a single-engine airplane or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a single-engine airplane with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (a)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed under § 61.127(b)(1) that includes—

(b) * * *

(3) * * *

(i) Ten hours of instrument training using a view limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. Five of the 10 hours of instrument training must be in a multiengine airplane;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a multiengine airplane in day-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a multiengine airplane in night-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(c) * * *

(3) * * *

(i) Five hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference to instruments using a view limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation training device;

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a helicopter in day-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a helicopter in night-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a helicopter or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a helicopter with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (c)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed under § 61.127(b)(3) that includes—

(d) * * *

(3) * * *

(i) 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane solely by reference to instruments using a view limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation training device;

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a gyroplane in day-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) Two hours of flight training during night-time conditions in a gyroplane at an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern); and

(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a gyroplane or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a gyroplane with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (d)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed under § 61.127(b)(4) of this part that includes—

(e) * * *

(3) * * *

(i) Ten hours of instrument training using a view limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. Five of the 10 hours of instrument training must be in a powered-lift;

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in day-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in night-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (e)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed under § 61.127(b)(5) of this part that includes—

(g) * * *

(2) Thirty hours of pilot in command time in airships or performing the duties of pilot in command in an airship with an authorized instructor aboard, which consists of—

(3) Forty hours of instrument time to include—

(i) Instrument training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems; and

(ii) Twenty hours of instrument flight time, of which 10 hours must be in flight in airships.

(4) * * *

(ii) One 1-hour cross-country flight in an airship in day-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the point of departure; and

(iii) One 1-hour cross-country flight in an airship in night-time conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the point of departure.

(i) * * *

(3) Except when fewer hours are approved by the FAA, an applicant for the commercial pilot certificate with the airplane or powered-lift rating who has completed 190 hours of aeronautical experience is considered to have met the total aeronautical experience requirements of this section, provided the applicant satisfactorily completed an approved commercial pilot course under part 142 of this chapter and the approved course was appropriate to the commercial pilot certificate and aircraft rating sought.

28. Amend § 61.133 by revising paragraph (a)(1) introductory text to read as follows:

(a) * * *

(1) General. A person who holds a current and valid commercial pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft—

29. Amend § 61.153 by revising paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(3), and (h) to read as follows:

(d) * * *

(1) Holds a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating issued under this part;

(3) Holds either a valid foreign airline transport pilot license with instrument privileges, or a valid foreign commercial pilot license with an instrument rating, that—

(i) Was issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation; and

(ii) Contains no geographical limitations.

(h) Comply with the sections of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

30. Revise § 61.157 to read as follows:

(a) General.

(1) The practical test for an airline transport pilot certificate is given for—

(i) An airplane category and single-engine class rating.

(ii) An airplane category and multiengine class rating.

(iii) A rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating.

(iv) A powered-lift category rating.

(v) An aircraft type rating.

(2) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot practical test must meet—

(i) The eligibility requirements of § 61.153 of this part; and

(ii) The aeronautical knowledge and aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

(b) Aircraft type rating. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a person who applies for an aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot certificate or applies for a type rating to be concurrently completed with an airline transport pilot certificate:

(1) Must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation under this section that apply to the aircraft type rating;

(2) Must receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor that certifies the applicant completed the training on the areas of operation listed under paragraph (e) of this section that apply to the aircraft type rating; and

(3) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions, except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section.

(c) Exceptions. A person who applies for an aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot certificate or an aircraft type rating concurrently with an airline transport pilot certificate, and who is an employee of a certificate holder operating under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, does not need to comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section if the applicant presents a training record that shows completion of that certificate holder's approved pilot in command training program for the aircraft type rating.

(d) Upgrading type ratings. Any type rating(s) and limitations on a pilot certificate of an applicant who completes an airline transport pilot practical test will be included at the airline transport pilot certification level, provided the applicant passes the practical test in the same category and class of aircraft for which the applicant holds the type rating(s).

(e) Areas of operation.

(1) For an airplane category—single-engine class rating:

(i) Preflight preparation;

(ii) Preflight procedures;

(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;

(iv) In-flight maneuvers;

(v) Instrument procedures;

(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;

(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;

(viii) Emergency procedures; and

(ix) Postflight procedures.

(2) For an airplane category—multiengine class rating:

(i) Preflight preparation;

(ii) Preflight procedures;

(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;

(iv) In-flight maneuvers;

(v) Instrument procedures;

(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;

(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;

(viii) Emergency procedures; and

(ix) Postflight procedures.

(3) For a powered-lift category rating:

(i) Preflight preparation;

(ii) Preflight procedures;

(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;

(iv) In-flight maneuvers;

(v) Instrument procedures;

(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;

(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;

(viii) Emergency procedures; and

(ix) Postflight procedures.

(4) For a rotorcraft category—helicopter class rating:

(i) Preflight preparation;

(ii) Preflight procedures;

(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;

(iv) In-flight maneuvers;

(v) Instrument procedures;

(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;

(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;

(viii) Emergency procedures; and

(ix) Postflight procedures.

(f) Proficiency and competency checks conducted under part 121 or part 135. (1) Completion of a pilot in command proficiency check under § 121.441 of this chapter that is conducted by an Examiner or a FAA Aviation Safety Inspector satisfies the requirements of this section for the appropriate aircraft rating.

(2) Completion of both the following checks that are conducted by an Examiner or a FAA Aviation Safety Inspector satisfies the requirements of this section for the appropriate aircraft rating—

(i) Pilot in command proficiency check under § 135.293 of this chapter; and

(ii) Pilot in command instrument proficiency check under § 135.297 of this chapter.

(g) Aircraft not capable of instrument maneuvers and procedures. An applicant may add a type rating to an airline transport pilot certificate with an aircraft that is not capable of the instrument maneuvers and procedures required on the practical test under the following circumstances—

(1) The rating is limited to “VFR only.”

(2) The type rating is added to an airline transport pilot certificate that has instrument privileges in that category and class of aircraft.

(3) The “VFR only” limitation may be removed for that aircraft type after the applicant:

(i) Passes a practical test in that type of aircraft on the appropriate instrument maneuvers and procedures under § 61.157 of this part; or

(ii) Becomes qualified under § 61.73(d) of this part for that type of aircraft.

(h) Multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station. An applicant for a type rating, at the ATP certification level, in a multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in the multi-seat version of that airplane, or the practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test in the case where there is no multi-seat version of that multiengine airplane.

(i) Single-engine airplane with a single-pilot station. An applicant for a type rating, at the ATP certification level, in a single-engine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in the multi-seat version of that single-engine airplane, or the practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test in the case where there is no multi-seat version of that single-engine airplane.

(j) Waiver authority. An Examiner who conducts a practical test may waive any task for which the FAA has provided waiver authority.

31. Amend § 61.159 by adding a new paragraph (c)(3); and revising paragraphs (d) and (e) to read as follows:

(c) * * *

(3) Flight-engineer time, provided the flight time—

(i) Is acquired as a U.S. Armed Forces' flight engineer crewmember in an airplane that requires a flight engineer crewmember by the flight manual;

(ii) Is acquired while the person is participating in a flight engineer crewmember training program for the U.S. Armed Forces; and

(iii) Does not exceed 1 hour for each 3 hours of flight engineer flight time for a total credited time of no more than 500 hours.

(d) An applicant will be issued an airline transport pilot certificate with the limitation, “Holder does not meet the pilot in command aeronautical experience requirements of ICAO,” as prescribed under Article 39 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, if the applicant does not meet the ICAO requirements contained in Annex 1 “Personnel Licensing” to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, but otherwise meets the aeronautical experience requirements of this section.

(e) An applicant is entitled to an airline transport pilot certificate without the ICAO limitation specified under paragraph (d) of this section when the applicant presents satisfactory evidence of having met the ICAO requirements under paragraph (d) of this section and otherwise meets the aeronautical experience requirements of this section.

32. Amend § 61.167 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)(3) to read as follows:

(a) A person who holds a valid airline transport pilot certificate is entitled to the same privileges as a person who holds a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating.

(b) * * *

(3) Only as provided in this section, except that an airline transport pilot who also holds a current and valid flight instructor certificate can exercise the instructor privileges under subpart H of this part for which he or she is rated; and

33. Amend § 61.187 by revising paragraph (b)(6)(vii) to read as follows:

(b) * * *

(6) * * *

(vii) Launches and landings;

34. Amend § 61.193 by revising the introductory text to read as follows:

A person who holds a current and valid flight instructor certificate is authorized within the limitations of that person's flight instructor certificate and ratings to train and issue endorsements that are required for:

35. Amend § 61.195 by revising paragraphs (b), (c), and (d)(3) introductory text; and adding a new paragraph (k) to read as follows:

(b) Aircraft Ratings. A flight instructor may not conduct flight training in any aircraft for which the flight instructor does not hold:

(1) A pilot certificate and flight instructor certificate with the applicable category and class rating; and

(2) If appropriate, a type rating.

(c) Instrument Rating. A flight instructor who provides instrument training for the issuance of an instrument rating, a type rating not limited to VFR, or the instrument training required for commercial pilot and airline transport pilot certificates must hold an instrument rating on his or her pilot certificate and flight instructor certificate that is appropriate to the category and class of aircraft for the training provided.

(d) * * *

(3) Student pilot's logbook for solo flight in a Class B airspace area or at an airport within Class B airspace unless that flight instructor has—

(k) Training for night vision goggle operations. A flight instructor may not conduct training for night vision goggle operations unless the flight instructor:

(1) Has a pilot and flight instructor certificate with the applicable category and class rating for the training;

(2) If appropriate, has a type rating on his or her pilot certificate for the aircraft;

(3) Is pilot-in-command qualified for night vision goggle operations, in accordance with § 61.31(l);

(4) Has logged 100 night vision goggle operations as the sole manipulator of the controls;

(5) Has logged 20 night vision goggle operations as sole manipulator of the controls in the category and class, and type of aircraft, if aircraft class and type is appropriate, that the training will be given in;

(6) Is qualified and current to act as a pilot in command in night vision goggle operations under § 61.57(f) or (g); and

(7) Has a logbook endorsement from an FAA Aviation Safety Inspector or a person who is authorized by the FAA to provide that logbook endorsement that states the flight instructor is authorized to perform the night vision goggle pilot in command qualification and recent flight experience requirements under § 61.31(l) and § 61.57(f) and (g).

36. Amend § 61.197 by revising the section heading and paragraphs (a) introductory text and (a)(2) introductory text to read as follows:

(a) A person who holds a valid flight instructor certificate must maintain the privileges under that certificate by—

(2) Filing a completed and signed application and receiving an endorsement from an authorized Examiner in his or her logbook or on another suitable document that is acceptable to the FAA that certifies the flight instructor renewal applicant satisfactorily completed one of the following renewal requirements—

37. Amend § 61.199 by revising the section heading and paragraph (a) to read as follows:

(a) Flight instructor certificates. The holder of a flight instructor certificate who has not complied with the recent flight instructor experience requirements under § 61.197 may reinstate flight instructor privileges by:

(1) Completing and passing a flight instructor practical test, as prescribed under § 61.183(h); and

(2) Receiving an endorsement in his or her logbook or on another document that is acceptable to the FAA that shows the applicant completed and passed a flight instructor practical test, as prescribed under § 61.183(h).

38. Amend § 61.215 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text, (b), (c) introductory text, and (d) to read as follows:

(a) A person who holds a current and valid basic ground instructor rating is authorized to provide:

(b) A person who holds a current and valid advanced ground instructor rating is authorized to provide:

(1) Ground training on the aeronautical knowledge areas required for the issuance of any certificate or rating under this part except for the aeronautical knowledge areas required for an instrument rating;

(2) The ground training required for any flight review except for the training required for an instrument rating; and

(3) A recommendation for a knowledge test required for the issuance of any certificate or rating under this part except for an instrument rating.

(c) A person who holds a current and valid instrument ground instructor rating is authorized to provide:

(d) A person who holds a current and valid ground instructor certificate is authorized, within the limitations of the ratings on the certificate, to endorse the logbook or other training record of a person to whom the holder has provided the training or recommendation specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.

39. Revise § 61.217 to read as follows:

The holder of a ground instructor certificate may not perform the duties of a ground instructor unless the person can show that one of the following occurred during the preceding 12 calendar months:

(a) Employment or activity as a ground instructor giving pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor training;

(b) Employment or activity as a flight instructor giving pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor ground or flight training;

(c) Completion of an approved flight instructor refresher course and receipt of a graduation certificate for that course; or

(d) An endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person has demonstrated knowledge in the subject areas prescribed under §§ 61.213(a)(3) and (a)(4), as appropriate.

(h) Night vision goggle operations. For night vision goggle operations, the following instruments and equipment must be installed in the aircraft, functioning in a normal manner, and approved for use by the FAA:

(1) Instruments and equipment specified in paragraph (b) of this section, instruments and equipment specified in paragraph (c) of this section;

(2) Night vision goggles;

(3) Interior and exterior aircraft lighting system required for night vision goggle operations;

(4) Two-way radio communications system;

(5) Gyroscopic pitch and bank indicator (artificial horizon); and

(6) Generator or alternator of adequate capacity for the required instruments and equipment.

The FAA may issue a pilot school certificate with the appropriate ratings if, within the 24 calendar months before the date application is made, the applicant—

(a) Completes the application for a pilot school certificate on the form and in the manner prescribed by the FAA;

(b) Has held a provisional pilot school certificate;

(c) Meets the applicable requirements under subparts A through C of this part for the school certificate and associated ratings sought;

(d) Has trained and recommended 10 different people for a knowledge test or a practical test, or any combination thereof, and 80 percent of those persons passed their tests on the first attempt; and

(e) Has graduated 10 different people from the school's approved training courses.

44. Revise § 141.9 to read as follows:

The FAA issues examining authority to a pilot school for a training course if the pilot school and its training course meet the requirements of subpart D of this part.

45. Amend § 141.33 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as follows:

(d) * * *

(2) The school has an enrollment of 10 students at the time designation is sought.

46. Revise § 141.39 to read as follows:

(a) When the school's training facility is located within the U.S., an applicant for a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate must show that each aircraft used by the school for flight training and solo flights:

(1) Is a civil aircraft of the United States;

(2) Is certificated with a standard or primary airworthiness certificate, unless the FAA determines otherwise because of the nature of the approved course;

(3) Is maintained and inspected in accordance with the requirements for aircraft operated for hire under part 91, subpart E of this chapter;

(4) Has two pilot stations with engine-power controls that can be easily reached and operated in a normal manner from both pilot stations (for flight training); and

(5) Is equipped and maintained for IFR operations if used in a course involving IFR en route operations and instrument approaches. For training in the control and precision maneuvering of an aircraft by reference to instruments, the aircraft may be equipped as provided in the approved course of training.

(b) When the school's training facility is located outside the U.S. and the training will be conducted outside the U.S., an applicant for a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate must show that each aircraft used by the school for flight training and solo flights:

(1) Is either a civil aircraft of the United States or a civil aircraft of foreign registry;

(2) Is certificated with a standard or primary airworthiness certificate or an equivalent certification from the foreign aviation authority;

(3) Is maintained and inspected in accordance with the requirements for aircraft operated for hire under part 91, subpart E of this chapter, or in accordance with equivalent maintenance and inspection from the foreign aviation authority's requirements;

(4) Has two pilot stations with engine-power controls that can be easily reached and operated in a normal manner from both pilot stations (for flight training); and

(5) Is equipped and maintained for IFR operations if used in a course involving IFR en route operations and instrument approaches. For training in the control and precision maneuvering of an aircraft by reference to instruments, the aircraft may be equipped as provided in the approved course of training.

47. Amend § 141.53 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

(c) Training courses. An applicant for a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate may request approval for the training courses specified under § 141.11(b).

48. Amend § 141.55 by revising paragraphs (d) introductory text, (e) introductory text, and (e)(2)(ii) introductory text to read as follows:

(d) A pilot school may request and receive initial approval for a period of not more than 24 calendar months for any training course under this part that does not meet the minimum ground and flight training time requirements, provided the following provisions are met:

(e) A pilot school may request and receive final approval for any training course under this part that does not meet the minimum ground and flight training time requirements, provided the following conditions are met:

(2) * * *

(ii) At least 80 percent of those students passed the practical or knowledge test, as appropriate, on the first attempt, and that test was given by—

49. Amend § 141.77 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

(c) A student may be given credit towards the curriculum requirements of a course for previous training under the following conditions:

(1) If the student completed a proficiency test and knowledge test that was conducted by the receiving pilot school and the previous training was based on a part 141 or a part 142-approved flight training course, the credit is limited to not more than 50 percent of the flight training requirements of the curriculum.

(2) If the student completed a knowledge test that was conducted by the receiving pilot school and the previous training was based on a part 141 or a part 142-approved aeronautical knowledge training course, the credit is limited to not more than 50 percent of the aeronautical knowledge training requirements of the curriculum.

(3) If the student completed a proficiency test and knowledge test that was conducted by the receiving pilot school and the training was received from other than a part 141 or a part 142-approved flight training course, the credit is limited to not more than 25 percent of the flight training requirements of the curriculum.

(4) If the student completed a knowledge test that was conducted by the receiving pilot school and the previous training was received from other than a part 141 or a part 142-approved aeronautical knowledge training course, the credit is limited to not more than 25 percent of the aeronautical knowledge training requirements of the curriculum.

(5) Completion of previous training must be certified in the student's training record by the training provider or a management official within the training provider's organization, and must contain—

(i) The kind and amount of training provided; and

(ii) The result of each stage check and end-of-course test, if appropriate.

50. Amend § 141.85 by revising paragraphs (a) introductory text and (a)(1) to read as follows:

(a) A chief instructor designated for a pilot school or provisional pilot school is responsible for:

(1) Certifying each student's training record, graduation certificate, stage check and end-of-course test reports, and recommendation for course completion, unless the duties are delegated by the chief instructor to an assistant chief instructor or recommending instructor;

51. Amend Appendix B to part 141 by revising paragraph 2; paragraphs 4.(b)(1)(iii), 4.(b)(2)(iii), and 4.(b)(5)(iii); and 5.(a)(1), 5.(b)(1), 5.(c)(1), 5.(d)(1), and 5.(e)(1) to read as follows:

Appendix B to Part 141—Private Pilot Certification Course

2. Eligibility for enrollment. A person must hold a valid recreational pilot certificate or valid student pilot certificate prior to enrollment in the solo flight phase of the private pilot certification course.

4. * * *

(b) * * *

(1) * * *

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane on the control and maneuvering of a single-engine airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and

(2) * * *

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane on the control and maneuvering of a multiengine airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and

(5) * * *

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift on the control and maneuvering of a powered-lift solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and

5. * * *

(a) * * *

(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

(b) * * *

(1) One 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

(c) * * *

(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

(d) * * *

(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

(e) * * *

(1) One solo 100 nautical miles cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and

52. Amend Appendix C to part 141 by revising paragraphs 4.(b)(2) through 4.(b)(4); adding new paragraphs 4.(b)(5) and (6); and revising the introductory language of paragraph 4.(d) to read as follows:

Appendix C to Part 141—Instrument Rating Course

4. * * *

(b) * * *

(1) * * *

(2) Credit for training in a flight simulator that meets the requirements of § 141.41(a) of this part cannot exceed 50 percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the course or of this section, whichever is less.

(3) Credit for training in a flight training device that meets the requirements of § 141.41(b) of this part cannot exceed 40 percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the course or of this section, whichever is less.

(4) Credit for training in flight simulators and flight training devices, if used in combination, cannot exceed 50 percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the course or of this section, whichever is less. However, credit for training in a flight training device cannot exceed the limitation provided for in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.

(5) Credit for training in an approved personal computer aviation training device cannot exceed 10 percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the course or of this section, whichever is less.

(6) Credit for training in flight simulators, flight training devices, and personal computer aviation training devices, if used in combination, cannot exceed 50 percent of the total flight training hour requirements of the course or of this section, whichever is less. However, credit for training in a personal computer aviation training device cannot exceed the limitation provided under paragraph (b)(5) of this section.

(d) Each course must include flight training on the areas of operation listed under this paragraph appropriate to the instrument aircraft category and class rating (if a class rating is appropriate) for which the course applies:

53. Amend Appendix D to part 141 by revising paragraphs 4.(b)(1)(i), (ii), (iii), and (iv); revising paragraphs 4.(b)(2)(i), (iii), and (iv); revising paragraphs 4.(b)(3)(i), (ii), and (iii); revising paragraphs 4.(b)(4)(i), (ii), and (iii), 4.(b)(5)(i), (ii), and (iii); revising paragraphs 4.(b)(7)(i), (ii), and (iii); re-designating paragraphs 4.(d)(4)(vi) through (ix) as 4.(d)(4)(vii) through (x); adding a new paragraph 4.(d)(4)(vi); and revising the introductory language of paragraphs 5.(a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) to read as follows:

Appendix D to Part 141—Commercial Pilot Certification Course

4. * * *

(b) * * *

(1) * * *

(i) 10 hours of instrument training using a view limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. 5 of the 10 hours of instrument training must be in a single-engine airplane;

(ii) 10 hours of training in an airplane that has a retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is turbine-powered;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in a single-engine airplane that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions in a single-engine airplane that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(2) * * *

(i) 10 hours of instrument training using a view limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. 5 of the 10 hours of instrument training must be in a multiengine airplane;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in a multiengine airplane that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions in a multiengine airplane that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(3) * * *

(i) 5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference to instruments, including using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation training device;

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in a helicopter that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions in a helicopter that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(4) * * *

(i) 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane solely by reference to instruments, including using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation training device;

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in a gyroplane that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) 2 hours of flight training in night-time conditions in a gyroplane at an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern); and

(5) * * *

(i) 10 hours of instrument training using a view limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. Five of the 10 hours of instrument training must be in a powered-lift;

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in a powered-lift that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions in a powered-lift that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(7) * * *

(i) 3 hours of instrument training in an airship, including using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems;

(ii) One 1-hour cross-country flight in day-time conditions in an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 1-hour cross-country flight in night-time conditions in an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(d) * * *

(4) * * *

(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;

5. * * *

(a) For an airplane single-engine course. 10 hours of solo flight time in a single-engine airplane, or 10 hours of flight time while performing the duties of pilot in command in a single-engine airplane with an authorized instructor on board. The training must consist of the approved areas of operation under paragraph (d)(1) of section No. 4 of this appendix, and include—

(b) For an airplane multiengine course. 10 hours of solo flight time in a multiengine airplane, or 10 hours of flight time while performing the duties of pilot in command in a multiengine airplane with an authorized instructor on board. The training must consist of the approved areas of operation under paragraph (d)(2) of section No. 4 of this appendix, and include—

(c) For a rotorcraft helicopter course. 10 hours of solo flight time in a helicopter, or 10 hours of flight time while performing the duties of pilot in command in a helicopter with an authorized instructor on board. The training must consist of the approved areas of operation under paragraph (d)(3) of section No. 4 of this appendix, and include—

(d) For a rotorcraft-gyroplane course. 10 hours of solo flight time in a gyroplane, or 10 hours of flight time while performing the duties of pilot in command in a gyroplane with an authorized instructor on board. The training must consist of the approved areas of operation under paragraph (d)(4) of section No. 4 of this appendix, and include—

(e) For a powered-lift course. 10 hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift, or 10 hours of flight time while performing the duties of pilot in command in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor on board. The training must consist of the approved areas of operation under paragraph (d)(5) of section No. 4 of this appendix, and include—

54. Amend Appendix E to part 141 by revising the introductory text of paragraph 2; removing paragraph 2.(a); re-designating existing paragraph 2.(b) as 2.(a) revising newly re-designated paragraph 2.(a); re-designating paragraph 2.(c) as (b); and re-designating paragraph 2.(d) as (c) to read as follows:

Appendix E to Part 141—Airline Transport Pilot Certification Course

2. Eligibility for enrollment. Before completing the flight portion of the airline transport pilot certification course, a person must meet the aeronautical experience requirements for an airline transport pilot certificate under part 61, subpart G of this chapter that is appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating for which the course applies, and:

(a) Hold a commercial pilot certificate and an instrument rating, or an airline transport pilot certificate with instrument privileges;

55. Amend Appendix I to part 141 by revising the appendix heading; and revising paragraphs 3 and 4 to read as follows:

Appendix I to Part 141—Additional Aircraft Category and/or Class Rating Course

3. Aeronautical knowledge training. (a) For a recreational pilot certificate, the following aeronautical knowledge areas must be included in a 10-hour ground training course for an additional aircraft category and/or class rating:

(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations for recreational pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;

(2) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence;

(3) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance;

(4) Weight and balance computations;

(5) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems;

(6) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques if applying for an airplane single-engine rating; and

(7) Preflight action that includes how to obtain information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements.

(b) For a private pilot certificate, the following aeronautical knowledge areas must be included in a 10-hour ground training course for an additional class rating or a 15-hour ground training course for an additional aircraft category and class rating:

(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations for private pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;

(2) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence;

(3) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance;

(4) Weight and balance computations;

(5) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems;

(6) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques if applying for an airplane single-engine rating; and

(7) Preflight action that includes how to obtain information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements.

(c) For a commercial pilot certificate, the following aeronautical knowledge areas must be included in a 15-hour ground training course for an additional class rating or a 20-hour ground training course for an additional aircraft category and class rating:

(1) Federal Aviation Regulations that apply to commercial pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;

(2) Basic aerodynamics and the principles of flight;

(3) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft;

(4) Weight and balance computations;

(5) Use of performance charts;

(6) Significance and effects of exceeding aircraft performance limitations;

(7) Principles and functions of aircraft systems;

(8) Maneuvers, procedures, and emergency operations appropriate to the aircraft;

(9) Night-time and high-altitude operations; and

(10) Procedures for flight and ground training for lighter-than-air ratings.

(d) For an airline transport pilot certificate, the following aeronautical knowledge areas must be included in a 25-hour ground training course for an additional aircraft category and/or class rating:

(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations that relate to airline transport pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;

(2) Meteorology, including knowledge of and effects of fronts, frontal characteristics, cloud formations, icing, and upper-air data;

(3) General system of weather and NOTAM collection, dissemination, interpretation, and use;

(4) Interpretation and use of weather charts, maps, forecasts, sequence reports, abbreviations, and symbols;

(5) National Weather Service functions as they pertain to operations in the National Airspace System;

(6) Windshear and microburst awareness, identification, and avoidance;

(7) Principles of air navigation under instrument meteorological conditions in the National Airspace System;

(8) Air traffic control procedures and pilot responsibilities as they relate to en route operations, terminal area and radar operations, and instrument departure and approach procedures;

(9) Aircraft loading; weight and balance; use of charts, graphs, tables, formulas, and computations; and the effects on aircraft performance;

(10) Aerodynamics relating to an aircraft's flight characteristics and performance in normal and abnormal flight regimes;

(11) Human factors;

(12) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and

(13) Crew resource management to include crew communication and coordination.

4. Flight training.

(a) Course for an additional airplane category and single-engine class rating.

(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course must include 15 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix A, paragraph 4(c)(1) that include—

(i) 2 hours of flight training to an airport and at an airport that is located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally trains, with three takeoffs and three landings, except as provided under § 61.100 of this chapter; and

(ii) 3 hours of flight training in an aircraft with the airplane category and single-engine class within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course must include 20 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(1). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used to meet more than 4 hours of the training requirements, and the use of the flight training device is limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a single-engine airplane, except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a single-engine airplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100 nautical miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane on the control and maneuvering of the airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(3) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course must include 55 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(1). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used to meet more than 16.5 hours of the training requirements, and the use of the flight training device is limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course must include—

(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a single-engine airplane that includes training using a view limiting device on attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems;

(ii) 10 hours of training in an airplane that has retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is turbine-powered;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in a single-engine airplane, a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time conditions in a single-engine airplane, a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(v) 3 hours in a single-engine airplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(4) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course must include 25 hours flight training, including 15 hours of instrument training, in a single-engine airplane on the areas of operation under part 141, appendix E, paragraph 4.(c). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used to meet more than 12.5 hours of the training requirements; and the use of the flight training device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.

(b) Course for an additional airplane category and multiengine class rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20 hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4.(d)(2). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a multiengine airplane, except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a multiengine airplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100 nautical miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane on the control and maneuvering of a multiengine airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane in preparation for the practical test within 2 calendar months before the date of the test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 55 hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4.(d)(2). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 16.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course must include—

(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a multiengine airplane including training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems;

(ii) 10 hours of training in a multiengine airplane that has retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is turbine-powered;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in a multiengine airplane, and a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time conditions in a multiengine airplane, and a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(v) 3 hours in a multiengine airplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(3) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course requires 25 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane on the areas of operation under part 141, appendix E, paragraph 4.(c) that includes 15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.

(c) Course for an additional rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating.

(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course requires 15 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix A, paragraph 4.(c)(2) that includes—

(i) 2 hours of flight training to and at an airport that is located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally trains, with three takeoffs and three landings, except as provided under § 61.100 of this chapter; and

(ii) 3 hours of flight training in a rotorcraft category and a helicopter class aircraft within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20 hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4.(d)(3). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include—

(i) Except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter, 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a helicopter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a helicopter that includes one cross-country flight of more than 50-nautical-miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport; and

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(3) The commercial pilot certificate level requires 30 hours flight training on the areas of operations under appendix D of part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(3). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 9 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6 of the 9 hours. The course must include—

(i) 5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference to instruments, and must include training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation training device;

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in a helicopter, a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time conditions in a helicopter, a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(iv) 3 hours in a helicopter within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(4) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course requires 25 hours of flight training, including 15 hours of instrument training, in a helicopter on the areas of operation under part 141, appendix E, paragraph 4.(c). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.

(d) Course for an additional rotorcraft category and a gyroplane class rating.

(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course requires 15 hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix A, paragraph 4.(c)(3) that includes—

(i) 2 hours of flight training to and at an airport that is located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally trains, with three takeoffs and three landings, except as provided under § 61.100 of this chapter; and

(ii) 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane class within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20 hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4.(d)(4). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a gyroplane, except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a gyroplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 50-nautical miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport; and

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(3) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 30 hours flight training on the areas of operations of appendix D to part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(4). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6 of the 9 hours. The course must include—

(i) 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane solely by reference to instruments, and must include training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation training device.

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in a gyroplane, a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) 2 hours of flight training during night-time conditions in a gyroplane at an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern); and

(iv) 3 hours in a gyroplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(e) Course for an additional lighter-than-air category and airship class rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20 hours of flight training on the areas of operation under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4.(d)(7). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in an airship, except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in an airship that includes one cross-country flight of more than 25-nautical miles total distance and five takeoffs and five landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in an airship on the control and maneuvering of an airship solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in an airship within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 55 hours of flight training on the areas of operation under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4.(d)(7). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 16.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of instrument training in an airship that must include training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems;

(ii) One 1-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 1-hour cross-country flight during night-time conditions in an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in an airship within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(f) Course for an additional lighter-than-air category and a gas balloon class rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires eight hours of flight training that includes five training flights on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(8). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 1.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 1.2 of the 1.6 hours. The course must include—

(i) Two flights of 1 hour each;

(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet above the launch site; and

(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10 hours of flight training that includes eight training flights on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(8). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 3 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 2 of the 3 hours. The course must include—

(i) Two flights of 1 hour each;

(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 5,000 feet above the launch site; and

(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(g) Course for an additional lighter-than-air category and a hot air balloon class rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires eight hours of flight training that includes five training flights on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(8). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 1.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 1.2 of the 1.6 hours. The course must include—

(i) Two flights of 30 minutes each;

(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 2,000 feet above the launch site; and

(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10 hours of flight training that includes eight training flights on the areas of operation under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(8). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 3 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 2 of the 3 hours. The course must include—

(i) Two flights of 30 minutes each;

(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet above the launch site; and

(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(h) Course for an additional powered-lift category rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20 hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(5). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a powered-lift except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a powered-lift that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100-nautical-miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift on the control and maneuvering of a powered-lift solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight;

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 55 hours flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(5). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 16.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course includes—

(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a powered-lift that must include training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems;

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in a powered-lift, a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time conditions in a powered-lift, a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(3) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course requires 25 hours flight training in a powered-lift on the areas of operation under part 141, appendix E, paragraph 4(c) that includes 15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.

(i) Course for an additional glider category rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 4 hours of flight training in a glider on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(6). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 0.8 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 0.6 of the 0.8 hours. The course must include—

(i) Five training flights in a glider with a certificated flight instructor on the launch/tow procedures approved for the course and on the appropriate approved areas of operation listed under appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(6) of this part; and

(ii) Three training flights in a glider with a certificated flight instructor within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) The commercial pilot certificate level requires 4 hours of flight training in a glider on the areas of operation under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4(d)(6). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 0.8 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 0.6 of the 0.8 hours. The course must include—

(j) Course for an airplane additional single-engine class rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 3 hours of flight training. in the areas of operations under part 141, appendix B, paragraph 4(d)(1). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 0.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 0.4 of the 0.6 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a single-engine airplane, except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a single-engine airplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100 nautical miles total distance in a single-engine airplane and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane on the control and maneuvering of a single-engine airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under part 141, appendix D, paragraph 4.(d)(1).

(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a single-engine airplane that must include training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems.

(ii) 10 hours of flight training in an airplane that has retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is turbine-powered.

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in a single-engine airplane and a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time conditions in a single-engine airplane and a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(v) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(3) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course requires 25 hours flight training in a single-engine airplane on the areas of operation under appendix E to part 141, paragraph 4.(c), that includes 15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.

(k) Course for an airplane additional multiengine class rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 3 hours of flight training on the areas of operations of appendix B to part 141, paragraph 4(d)(2). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 0.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 0.4 of the 0.6 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a multiengine airplane, except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a multiengine airplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 100 nautical miles total distance in a multiengine airplane, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane on the control and maneuvering of a multiengine airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10 hours of training on the areas of operations under appendix D of part 141, paragraph 4(d)(2). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 3 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 2 of the 3 hours. The course must include—

(i) 5 hours of instrument training in a multiengine airplane that must include training using a view limiting device on for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems;

(ii) 10 hours of training in a multiengine airplane that has retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is turbine-powered;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in a multiengine airplane and, a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iv) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time conditions in a multiengine airplane and, a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(3) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course requires 25 hours of training in a multiengine airplane on the areas of operation of appendix E to part 141, paragraph 4.(c) that includes 15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.

(l) Course for a rotorcraft additional helicopter class rating.

(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course requires 3 hours of flight training on the areas of operations under appendix A of part 141, paragraph 4.(c)(2) that includes—

(i) 2 hours of flight training to and at an airport that is located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally trains, with three takeoffs and three landings, except as provided under § 61.100 of this chapter; and

(ii) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 3 hours flight training on the areas of operations under appendix B of part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(3). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 0.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 0.4 of the 0.6 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a helicopter, except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a helicopter that includes one cross-country flight of more than 50-nautical-miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport; and

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(3) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 5 hours flight training on the areas of operations under appendix D of part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(3). Use of a flight simulator and flight training device in the approved training course cannot exceed 1 hour; however, use of the flight training device cannot exceed 0.7 of the one hour. The course must include—

(i) 5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference to instruments, and must include training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation training device;

(ii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in a helicopter and, a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 2-hour cross-country flight during night-time conditions in a helicopter and a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a helicopter within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(4) For the airline transport pilot certificate, the course requires 25 hours of flight training in a helicopter on the areas of operation under appendix E of part 141, paragraph 4.(c) that includes 15 hours of instrument training. A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 12.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 6.25 of the 12.5 hours.

(m) Course for a rotorcraft additional gyroplane class rating.

(1) For the recreational pilot certificate, the course requires 3 hours flight training on the areas of operations of appendix A to part 141, paragraph 4.(c)(3) that includes—

(i) Except as provided under § 61.100 of this chapter, 2 hours of flight training to and at an airport that is located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally trains, with three takeoffs and three landings; and

(ii) Within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test, 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane.

(2) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 3 hours flight training on the areas of operations of appendix B to part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(4). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 0.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 0.4 of the 0.6 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in a gyroplane;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in a gyroplane that includes one cross-country flight of more than 50-nautical-miles total distance, and 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport; and

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(3) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 5 hours flight training on the areas of operations of appendix D to part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(4). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 1 hour to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 0.7 of the 1 hour. The course must include—

(i) 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane solely by reference to instruments, and must include training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or a personal computer aviation training device.

(ii) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a gyroplane, except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(iii) 2 hours of flight training during night-time conditions in a gyroplane at an airport that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern); and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in a gyroplane within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(n) Course for a lighter-than-air additional airship class rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 20 hours of flight training on the areas of operation under appendix B of part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(7). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 4 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 3 of the 4 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of cross-country training in an airship, except as provided under § 61.111 of this chapter;

(ii) 3 hours of night-time flight training in an airship that includes one cross-country flight of more than 25-nautical-miles total distance, and five takeoffs and five landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;

(iii) 3 hours of flight training in an airship on the control and maneuvering of an airship solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in an airship within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 55 hours of flight training on the areas of operation under appendix D of part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(7). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 16.5 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 11 of the 16.5 hours. The course must include—

(i) 3 hours of instrument training in an airship that must include training using a view limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems;

(ii) One 1-hour cross-country flight during day-time conditions in an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure;

(iii) One 1-hour cross-country flight during night-time conditions in an airship that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and

(iv) 3 hours of flight training in an airship within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(o) Course for a lighter-than-air additional gas balloon class rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires eight hours of flight training that includes five training flights on the areas of operations under appendix B of part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(8). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 1.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 1.2 of the 1.6 hours. The course must include—

(i) Two flights of 1 hour each;

(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet above the launch site; and

(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10 hours of flight training that includes eight training flights on the areas of operations of appendix D to part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(8). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 3 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 2 of the 3 hours. The course must include—

(i) Two flights of 1 hour each;

(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 5,000 feet above the launch site; and

(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(p) Course for a lighter-than-air additional hot air balloon class rating.

(1) For the private pilot certificate, the course requires 8 hours of flight training that includes five training flights on the areas of operations of appendix B to part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(8). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 1.6 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 1.2 of the 1.6 hours. The course must include—

(i) Two flights of 30 minutes each;

(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 2,000 feet above the launch site; and

(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

(2) For the commercial pilot certificate, the course requires 10 hours of flight training that includes eight training flight on the areas of operation of appendix D to part 141, paragraph 4.(d)(8). A flight simulator and flight training device cannot be used more than 3 hours to meet the training requirements, and use of the flight training device is limited to 2 of the 3 hours. The course must include—

(i) Two flights of 30 minutes each.

(ii) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet above the launch site; and

(iii) Two flights within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.

[FR Doc. E7-1467 Filed 2-6-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910-13-P