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State v. O'Brien

Supreme Court of Minnesota
Jun 21, 1985
369 N.W.2d 525 (Minn. 1985)

Summary

holding departure justified when only one aggravating factor is present

Summary of this case from State v. Chia Yang

Opinion

No. C5-84-973.

June 21, 1985.

Appeal from the District Court, Cass County, John A. Spellacy, J.

C. Paul Jones, Public Defender, Heidi Crissey, Asst., Minneapolis, for appellant.

Hubert H. Humphrey, III, Atty. Gen., James B. Early, Asst., St. Paul, Michael Milligan, Cass County Atty., Walker, for respondent.

Considered and decided by the court en banc without oral argument.


The state has petitioned for review of the decision of the Court of Appeals in State v. O'Brien, 364 N.W.2d 901 (Minn.App. 1985). The Court of Appeals (a) reduced the sentence of defendant for criminal sexual conduct in the first degree on the ground that the trial court did not have grounds to depart durationally and (b) vacated defendant's conviction of the included offense of criminal sexual conduct in the third degree pursuant to Minn.Stat. § 609.04 (1984). We grant the petition, affirm the vacation of defendant's conviction of criminal sexual conduct in the third degree, but reinstate the sentence which the trial court imposed upon defendant for criminal sexual conduct in the first degree.

The victim, a 14-year-old girl, was a friend of defendant's sister and was staying with her in her mother's house, Defendant, then 21, was also staying at the house. On the evening of November 7, 1983, defendant played a drinking game with the victim and others. The victim drank 4 or 5 glasses of beer. After the others left, defendant grabbed the victim, pulled her into his bedroom and raped her. Defendant physically abused the victim during the attack, causing her to bleed from her nose and mouth. After the act of intercourse, which war, painful to her, the victim ran next door and obtained help.

Defendant was found guilty of criminal sexual conduct in the first degree pursuant to Minn.Stat. § 609.342(e)(i) (forced penetration accompanied by personal injury), and criminal sexual conduct in the third degree, Minn.Stat. § 609.344(b) (penetration of complainant who is at least 13 but less than 16 by one who is more than 24 months older than complainant). The presumptive sentence for criminal sexual conduct in the first degree (a Class VIII offense) by a person with defendant's criminal history score (two) is an executed term of 65 (60-70) months in prison. The trial court doubled the presumptive sentence, imposing a term of 130 months in prison, and adjudged defendant guilty of both criminal sexual conduct in the first degree and criminal sexual conduct in the third degree.

The Court of Appeals reduced defendant's sentence to 70 months, the maximum sentence permitted without departing from the presumptive sentence, and vacated the conviction of criminal sexual conduct in the third degree. The Court of Appeals was clearly correct in vacating the conviction of criminal sexual conduct in the third degree. However, we believe that it erred in reducing defendant's sentence.

The Court of Appeals stated that after analyzing the various facts it could not conclude that defendant committed the offense in a particularly serious way. We do not agree, but even if this were true, the departure would still be justified. The departure was permissible because defendant was convicted of an offense in which the victim was injured and he has a prior felony conviction for an offense in which the victim was injured. Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines and Commentary II.D.2.b(3) (1984) (it is an aggravating factor if "[t]he current conviction is for an offense in which the victim was injured and there is a prior felony conviction for an offense in which the victim was injured"); State v. Peake, 366 N.W.2d 299, 301 (Minn. 1985); State v. Williams, 337 N.W.2d 689, 691 (Minn. 1983); State v. Lindsey, 314 N.W.2d 823, 825 (Minn. 1982). The evidence established that the victim was injured in this case. Defendant's prior conviction was for assault in the third degree (infliction of substantial bodily harm); not only does the record indicate that the offense was based on evidence that defendant injured his girl friend but that offense by definition is one involving personal injury to the victim. The Court of Appeals' conclusion that this factor is not itself sufficient to justify a double durational departure is incorrect.

We also believe, in any event, that the record supports the trial court's determination that defendant committed the offense in a particularly serious way. The victim was only 14 years old; defendant was 21 years old. An age difference of 7 years when the victim is only 14 and the defendant 21 is more significant than it would be if the victim were an adult. Cf. State v. Kisch, 346 N.W.2d 130, 133 (Minn. 1984) (after stating that "[a]n age difference of 5 years when juveniles are involved is a significant age difference," we concluded that the youth of the victim could be considered in determining whether the defendant committed the offense in that case in a particularly serious way). While the victim may not have been particularly vulnerable due to age in any absolute sense and while a 14 year old generally is probably no more vulnerable to a forcible rape than an 18 year old, we believe that defendant took advantage of the victim's situation. It is also relevant that as a result of defendant's conduct, the victim suffered severe emotional distress. The presentence investigation report indicates that following the assault, the victim developed a "potentially dangerous shame-based reaction to the incident," made a suicide gesture that consisted of slitting her wrist, cut her hair in a weird manner, refused to return to the high school where she had been making satisfactory progress and began taking nonprescription medication. She moved to Minneapolis to live with her uncle's family but still cried a lot, felt ashamed and was unable to accept supportive counseling. The ordinary and foreseeable consequences of a rape may be considered in determining whether to depart. See Ture v. State, 353 N.W.2d 518, 522 (Minn. 1984) (durational departure upheld in part because "as a result of the incident, the victim, who later discovered she was pregnant, had to go through her entire pregnancy without knowing for sure whether the biological father of the unborn child was defendant or her boyfriend").

Affirmed as modified.


Summaries of

State v. O'Brien

Supreme Court of Minnesota
Jun 21, 1985
369 N.W.2d 525 (Minn. 1985)

holding departure justified when only one aggravating factor is present

Summary of this case from State v. Chia Yang

holding that a double-upward departure based on a single aggravating factor was permissible

Summary of this case from Hosley v. State

holding that the presence of a single aggravating factor is sufficient to uphold an upward departure

Summary of this case from Moore v. State

holding that double durational departure was permissible even if only one aggravating factor was present

Summary of this case from State v. Cindrich

concluding that severe emotional distress was a valid basis for departure in first-degree criminal sexual conduct sentencing

Summary of this case from Rairdon v. State

determining that a single factor was sufficient to uphold a double departure

Summary of this case from Butler v. State

upholding 130-month sentence where 65 months was presumed

Summary of this case from State v. Galle

upholding an upward durational departure and noting that "[a]n age difference of 7 years when the victim is only 14 and the defendant 21 is more significant than it would be if the victim were an adult"

Summary of this case from State v. Elliott

upholding double durational departure when only one aggravating factor was present

Summary of this case from Dillon v. State

upholding double durational departure when only one aggravating factor was present

Summary of this case from State v. Phillips

upholding double durational departure when only one aggravating factor was present

Summary of this case from State v. White

upholding double durational departure when only one aggravating factor was present

Summary of this case from KONG v. STATE

upholding double duration departure when only one aggravating factor was present

Summary of this case from Krejce v. State

noting that defendant's prior conviction of assault involving substantial bodily harm constituted an aggravating factor with respect to his first-degree criminal-sexual-conduct conviction and holding that the presence of this aggravating factor alone was sufficient to warrant a double-upward-durational departure notwithstanding the seriousness of the defendant's crime

Summary of this case from State v. Thol Thim

stating that the presence of a single aggravating factor is sufficient to support upward departure

Summary of this case from State v. Castillo–Alvarez

stating that the presence of a single aggravating factor is sufficient to support upward departure

Summary of this case from State v. Castillo-Alvarez

stating departure justified when only one aggravating factor is present

Summary of this case from State v. Chia Yang

stating that a double-upward departure is justified if a legally valid ground for departure exists, even if the facts do not demonstrate that the defendant committed the offense in a particularly serious way

Summary of this case from Hosley v. State

stating departure justified when only one aggravating factor is present

Summary of this case from State v. Leach

stating departure justified when only one aggravating factor is present

Summary of this case from State v. Phaengsy

stating that the presence of a single aggravating factor is sufficient to uphold an upward departure

Summary of this case from State v. Petersen

stating that only a single aggravating factor is necessary to support a durational departure

Summary of this case from State v. Krieger

stating that the presence of a single aggravating factor is sufficient to uphold an upward departure

Summary of this case from State v. Diepold

stating departure justified when only one aggravating factor present

Summary of this case from State v. Ramirez

stating that existence of one aggravating factor is itself sufficient to justify double durational departure

Summary of this case from Hinton v. State
Case details for

State v. O'Brien

Case Details

Full title:STATE of Minnesota, Respondent, v. Richard Neal O'BRIEN, Appellant

Court:Supreme Court of Minnesota

Date published: Jun 21, 1985

Citations

369 N.W.2d 525 (Minn. 1985)

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