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State v. Curtis

Supreme Court of Vermont
Feb 2, 1982
443 A.2d 454 (Vt. 1982)

Summary

holding that general measure of restitution is market value

Summary of this case from State v. Vezina

Opinion

No. 74-81

Opinion Filed February 2, 1982

1. Criminal Law — Probation — Restitution

In ordering restitution under the statute governing the conditions for probation, the court must first determine whether the criminal conduct caused damage and the amount of that damage. 28 V.S.A. § 252(b)(5).

2. Criminal Law — Probation — Restitution

In requiring, as a condition of probation, restitution to the victim for the damages sustained, the measure of damages to a motor vehicle is fair market value before the injury less fair market value after the injury. 28 V.S.A. § 252(b)(5).

3. Appeal and Error — Record — Adequacy

Where operator of motor vehicle was convicted of careless and negligent driving, and the trial court, as a condition of probation, ordered restitution to the owner of an automobile which the defendant had struck and damaged in the course of committing the offense, but there was no credible evidence in the record on appeal to support the court's conclusion as to the amount of restitution, the restitution order could not stand. 28 V.S.A. § 252(b)(5).

4. Criminal Law — Probation — Restitution

In ordering restitution as a condition of probation under the statute governing the conditions for probation, the court, in calculating the amount of restitution, cannot order restitution to exceed the defendant's ability to pay. 28 V.S.A. § 252(b)(5).

5. Criminal Law — Probation — Restitution

Where operator of motor vehicle was convicted of careless and negligent driving, and the trial court, as a condition of probation, ordered restitution to the owner of an automobile which the defendant had struck and damaged in the course of committing the offense, but the record was devoid of any finding by the trial court as to the defendant's ability to pay, the restitution order could not stand. 28 V.S.A. § 252(b)(5).

Appeal from restitution order. District Court, Unit No. 5, Washington Circuit, Connarn, J., presiding. Reversed and remanded.

Martin Paolini, Barre, for Defendant.

Present: Billings, Hill, Underwood and Peck, JJ., and Larrow, J. (Ret.), Specially Assigned


On August 18, 1980, the district court found the defendant Earle Curtis guilty of careless and negligent driving in violation of 23 V.S.A. § 1091(a). The court suspended his prison sentence, imposed a fine, and ordered the defendant to make restitution as a condition of probation. Restitution was ordered because the defendant, in the course of committing the offense, struck and damaged a 1973 Oldsmobile automobile. The trial court did not fix the amount of restitution, but ordered the probation officer to determine the amount.

The defendant's probation officer informed the trial court that the amount of restitution could not be fixed, and requested the court to hold a hearing. The court held the hearing on January 23, 1981, and ordered the defendant to "make restitution in the amount of $625.00 for the use and benefit of Steven Newton." This appeal ensued. We reverse.

The defendant challenges the restitution order on two grounds. First, he asserts that there is insufficient evidence in the record to support the trial court's finding that the restitution should equal $625.00. Second, he asserts that the order should be overturned because the trial court did not consider his ability to pay. We agree with the defendant on both claims.

The probation statute, 28 V.S.A. § 252(b)(5), allows the trial court to order restitution to the victim "for the damage or injury which was sustained." Thus, as a threshold step in the inquiry, the court must determine whether the criminal conduct caused damage and the amount of that damage. The record reveals that the defendant damaged Mr. Newton's automobile, but it does not reveal the extent of that damage. In the context of civil suits, we have held that "the measure of damages to a motor vehicle is fair market value before the injury less fair market value after the injury." Wells v. Village of Orleans, Inc., 132 Vt. 216, 223, 315 A.2d 463, 468 (1974). The same measure of damages is applicable in restitution decisions. In this case, there is no credible evidence in the record to support the trial court's conclusion that restitution should be $625.00.

The restitution statute also provides that the court, in calculating the amount of restitution, cannot order restitution to exceed the defendant's ability to pay. 28 V.S.A. § 252(b)(5). See State v. Benoit, 131 Vt. 631, 635, 313 A.2d 387, 389 (1973); State v. Godfrey, 131 Vt. 629, 631, 313 A.2d 390, 391 (1973). The instant record is devoid of any finding on the defendant's ability to pay. Thus, the restitution order cannot stand.

Reversed and remanded.


Summaries of

State v. Curtis

Supreme Court of Vermont
Feb 2, 1982
443 A.2d 454 (Vt. 1982)

holding that general measure of restitution is market value

Summary of this case from State v. Vezina

reversing restitution order where record did not contain finding on defendant's ability to pay

Summary of this case from State v. Kenvin

noting that method for measuring damage to vehicle is difference in fair market value before and after accident

Summary of this case from State v. Morse

noting that method for measuring damage to vehicle is difference in fair market value before and after accident

Summary of this case from State v. Morse
Case details for

State v. Curtis

Case Details

Full title:State of Vermont v. Earle Rick Curtis

Court:Supreme Court of Vermont

Date published: Feb 2, 1982

Citations

443 A.2d 454 (Vt. 1982)
443 A.2d 454

Citing Cases

State v. Vezina

¶ 10. Generally, diminution in fair market value is the proper measure of restitution for material losses of…

State v. Tupa

Other states have largely proceeded via case law. See Vermont v. Curtis, 140 Vt. 621, 443 A.2d 454, 455…