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Scott v. State

Court of Appeals of Maryland
Nov 8, 1960
164 A.2d 716 (Md. 1960)

Opinion

[No. 39, September Term, 1960.]

Decided November 8, 1960.

APPEAL — In Criminal Case — Was From Judgment Of Conviction. The State in the instant criminal case filed a motion to dismiss the appeal on the ground that the notice of appeal applied only to the defendant's motion to vacate the judgment of conviction and that there had never been any appeal from the judgment itself, entered on January 20, 1960, and the Court denied the motion to dismiss, stressing the fact that the clerk informed the defendant that he was making an appropriate entry on the docket to have the Court review the conviction and sentence of January 20, 1960. pp. 378-379

CRIMINAL LAW — Striking Verdict Within Term Of Court — Irregular To Resume Taking Of Testimony As To Guilt Or Innocence Without Striking Verdict — Reserving Right To Move For New Trial. After the State had concluded its evidence at the trial below of this non-jury criminal case the defendant, who was represented by counsel, rested his case, and the trial judge rendered a verdict of "guilty generally". The defendant's attorney then requested a motion for a new trial, and the court replied, "All right". The court then permitted the defendant to testify, stating, inter alia, "I cannot strike out the verdict". "I can only hear what he has to say in mitigation of sentence * * *". The defendant then testified at some length as to his guilt or innocence. The next day, December 17, 1959, the State was permitted, without objection, to offer further testimony relating, not to the question of prospective punishment, but to the question of the defendant's guilt. The case was resumed on January 20, 1960, when the court ruled that the request made then to move for a new trial came too late, since the verdict had been rendered on December 16, 1959, which was not within the three-day period set by the local court rule. This Court held (1) that the trial judge erred when he stated on December 16 that he could not strike out the verdict, since he had discretionary revisory power over it until the expiration of the term of court at which it was rendered; (2) that it was irregular to resume the taking of testimony as to guilt or innocence without striking out the verdict; and (3) that the record clearly showed that the defendant desired to reserve his right to move for a new trial. The Court found that these matters, in practical effect, denied to the defendant his right to prosecute his motion for a new trial and so constituted prejudice. The Court stated that the simple and proper procedure would have been to strike out the verdict (provided it was done during the term), to receive any further evidence relating to guilt or innocence that the trial judge, in his discretion, deemed proper, and then to have entered a new verdict consistent with all of the evidence that had been adduced. This would have permitted the trial judge to have received in an orderly manner all of the evidence that he desired, and, at the same time, would have afforded the defendant an opportunity to file his motion for a new trial. pp. 379-382

J.E.B.

Decided November 8, 1960.

Appeal from the Criminal Court of Baltimore (PRENDERGAST, J.).

Charles Scott was convicted of statutory burglary by the trial court, sitting without a jury, and from the judgment entered thereon, he appeals, and the State moves to dismiss the appeal.

Motion to dismiss appeal denied. Judgment reversed, and case remanded for a new trial.

The cause was argued before BRUNE, C.J., and HENDERSON, HAMMOND, PRESCOTT and HORNEY, JJ.

George L. Russell, Jr., with whom were Benjamin L. Brown and Brown, Allen Watts on the brief, for the appellant.

Lawrence F. Rodowsky, Assistant Attorney General, with whom were C. Ferdinand Sybert, Attorney General, Saul A. Harris, State's Attorney for Baltimore City, and Charles E. Moylan, Jr., Assistant State's Attorney, on the brief, for the appellee.


In some of its aspects, this is an unusual case. On December 16, 1959, Charles Scott was tried for, and convicted of, statutory burglary, by a judge of the Criminal Court of Baltimore, sitting without a jury. From a three years' sentence in the Maryland Penitentiary, he has appealed.

The Attorney General has filed a motion to dismiss the appeal, which we shall dispose of first. The appellant was sentenced by the court on January 20, 1960. He then filed a motion to vacate the judgment and set aside the sentence. This motion was denied by the trial judge on February 9, 1960. On February 15th, following, the clerk received from the appellant a "Notice of Appeal." It would serve no present purpose to set forth its contents in detail. As a result of its receipt, the clerk, on February 17th, wrote the appellant and stated:

"I gather from the contents of your Notice of Appeal received on February 15th, that you wish the Court of Appeals to review your conviction and sentence of three years imposed on January 20th. If this is correct, you are within the thirty days allowed by law to do so and, in order to protect your rights, I am making the appropriate entry on the docket." (Emphasis added.)

The clerk, also, called to the appellant's attention that the denial of his motion to vacate the judgment appeared on the docket, and inquired whether he wanted to note an appeal from this denial. The appellant replied that he did.

The State contends that the defendant's first notice of appeal (as well as his reply to the clerk) only applied to his motion to vacate the judgment, and there has, in fact, never been any appeal from the judgment of January 20th. In view of the quoted portion of the clerk's letter, whereby the defendant, who was confined in prison, was informed that the clerk was making an appropriate entry on the docket to have the Court of Appeals review his conviction and sentence of January 20th, we think the contention is unsustainable. The motion to dismiss will, therefore, be denied. Cf. Cahill v. Baltimore City, 93 Md. 233, 48 A. 705.

At the conclusion of the presentation of the State's evidence at the trial below, the defendant, who was represented by counsel, rested his case. The trial court took a short recess, and, upon his return to the courtroom, rendered a verdict of "guilty generally," and inquired of defendant's attorney if he wished to file a motion for a new trial. The attorney replied, "We request a motion for a new trial," and the court said, "All right."

At this point, the defendant asked if he could address the court. His lawyer stated that although he had advised his client (who had a record of previous convictions) not to do so, the defendant desired to take the stand and deny certain of the testimony presented by the State. The court stated that if the case were a jury trial, "it would not be possible to do this," but if "he has no objection and wants to testify, I believe I could still reopen the case." "I cannot strike out the verdict." "I can only hear what he has to say in mitigation of sentence * * *." (Emphasis supplied.) A colloquy between the court, Scott and his attorney followed, during which the court stated: "Frankly, I would like to hear from you [the defendant], too, but it is a bit irregular at this time in view of the fact that you have been convicted and that your counsel has stated that he is going to file a motion for a new trial. The only issue before me under the circumstances would be the nature of the sentence to give you." Further colloquy ensued, and, just before Scott was sworn, the following occurred:

(Scott), "I feel after I testify you [the court] would have an opportunity to reconsider your finding."

(The court), "I don't know whether it is within my power to do that now since you did not testify before."

(Scott), "I was not given the opportunity. I sure requested it."

(The court), "Right or wrong, I will let you testify. I will take whatever you say under advisement."

Scott was then sworn, and he testified, relative to his guilt or innocence, at some length. Court was, thereafter, adjourned for the day, accompanied by a statement that the case would be resumed on the following morning, December 17, 1959, at 10:00 A.M. During the night, the police officers had obtained another witness for the State, who was permitted to testify, without objection. The testimony of this witness did not relate to the question of prospective punishment of the accused, but bore directly on the question of his guilt. The defendant again took the stand, and, towards the end of his testimony told the court that he had two or three witnesses, who lived in Washington, D.C., and whom he would like the court to hear. The court stated that this "is a most unusual case." "If you want additional time — I want to be sure I make no mistake — my mind is unchanged to this minute — if you want additional time, I will give it to you." "I will direct that this case be held sub curia for one week." "The clerk will reset the case at that time." "If you produce your witnesses, I will hear them even then."

The defendant, who had become dissatisfied with his then attorney, requested and was granted permission to engage new counsel.

We think it only fair to comment that the trial court pointed out to the defendant that his attorney was trying to represent him diligently and faithfully.

The case was not reset in a week's time, and it was not until January 20, 1960, that it was resumed. In the meantime, the defendant had been unable to obtain new counsel, although he had written "several organizations to help [him] contact [his] family." The court informed the defendant that he intended to impose sentence. The defendant requested an opportunity to file a motion for a new trial, but he was informed that his request came too late, as the verdict had been rendered on December 16, 1959.

Rule 502 of the Rules of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City provides that a motion for a new trial must be filed within three days after verdict.

The record makes it crystal clear that the learned trial judge "leaned over backwards" in his efforts to afford the appellant every opportunity for a full, fair and impartial trial. We think, however, that he fell into error when he stated, on December 16th, that he could not strike out his verdict. There is no doubt that he had discretionary revisory power over his verdict until the expiration of the term of court at which it was rendered. Seth v. Chamberlaine, 41 Md. 186, 194; State v. Butler, 72 Md. 98, 18 A. 1105; Madison v. State, 205 Md. 425, 431, 109 A.2d 96. Cf. Jones v. State, 214 Md. 525, 529, 136 A.2d 252. And we think it was irregular to resume the taking of testimony as to the defendant's guilt or innocence, without striking out the verdict of "guilty generally." The record clearly shows (and we have recited a part of it above) that the defendant desired to reserve his right to move for a new trial before the Supreme Bench. The simple and proper procedure for the court to have pursued was to have stricken out the verdict (provided it was done during the term), then to have received any further evidence relating to the guilt or innocence of the accused that he, in his discretion, deemed proper, and then to have entered a new verdict consistent with all of the evidence that had been adduced. This would have permitted the trial judge to have received in an orderly manner all of the evidence that he desired, and, at the same time, afforded the defendant an opportunity to file his motion for a new trial.

There is authority to the effect that, technically, a "verdict" can only be rendered by a jury, as distinguished from a "decision" by the court. Black's Law Dictionary (3rd Ed.), pp. 1807, 1808. The distinction seems to have little practical significance.

We think the erroneous belief of the trial judge that he did not have the power to strike out his verdict, coupled with the other irregularities, in practical effect, denied to the appellant his right to prosecute his motion for a new trial, and this constituted prejudice.

Having reached this conclusion, it becomes unnecessary to consider the other questions raised by the appellant.

Motion to dismiss appeal denied. Judgment reversed, and case remanded for a new trial.


Summaries of

Scott v. State

Court of Appeals of Maryland
Nov 8, 1960
164 A.2d 716 (Md. 1960)
Case details for

Scott v. State

Case Details

Full title:SCOTT v . STATE

Court:Court of Appeals of Maryland

Date published: Nov 8, 1960

Citations

164 A.2d 716 (Md. 1960)
164 A.2d 716

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