16Colonial Penn Ins. Co. v. Heckler, 721 F.2d 431, 441 (3d Cir. 1983).17Connolly v. Pension Ben. Guar. Corp., 475 U.S. 211, 227 (1986).18Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623 (1887).19 Manigault v. Springs, 199 U.S. 473, 480 (1905).20Id.21Stone v. Mississippi, 101 U.S. 814, 818 (1879).22Id.