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Moore v. Illinois Central R. Co.

U.S.
Mar 31, 1941
312 U.S. 630 (1941)

Summary

In Moore, a railroad trainman brought an action for damages based upon an alleged wrongful discharge without first exhausting administrative remedies.

Summary of this case from Walker v. Southern R. Co.

Opinion

CERTIORARI TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT.

No. 550.

Argued March 12, 1941. Decided March 31, 1941.

1. A ruling by the state supreme court made on review of the first trial of an action on contract and determining the applicable state statute of limitations must be followed by the federal courts on a second trial, after removal, in the absence of any intervening change by legislation or by ruling of the state supreme court. P. 633. 2. Although a state supreme court considers itself free, on a second trial, to reconsider and overrule interpretations of state law made on the first review, the Circuit Court of Appeals upon review following a second trial, after removal, is nevertheless bound by the state court's interpretations. P. 633. 3. The right of a workman to sue a railroad company for wrongful discharge is not dependent upon prior exhaustion of his administrative remedies under the Railway Labor Act. P. 634. 112 F.2d 959, reversed; judgment of the District Court, 24 F. Supp. 731, affirmed.

CERTIORARI, 311 U.S. 643, to review a judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals reversing a judgment recovered by the plaintiff in the District Court in an action against a railroad company for wrongful discharge from employment.

Messrs. George Butler and Garner W. Green submitted for petitioner.

Mr. James L. Byrd, with whom Messrs. Clinton H. McKay, E.C. Craig and V.W. Foster were on the brief, for respondent.

Solicitor General Biddle and Mr. Robert L. Stern filed a brief on behalf of the United States, as amicus curiae, submitting views of the construction of the Railway Labor Act, as amended.


We granted certiorari in this case, 311 U.S. 643, to review a judgment in which the Circuit Court of Appeals applied a Mississippi statute of limitations contrary to the Mississippi Supreme Court's application of the same statute to the same plea in the same case. Compare Moore v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 180 Miss. 276; 176 So. 593, with Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Moore, 112 F.2d 959.

Petitioner Moore, a member of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, brought suit for damages against respondent railroad company in a Mississippi state court, claiming that he had been wrongfully discharged contrary to the terms of a contract between the Trainmen and the railroad, a copy of the contract being attached to the complaint as an exhibit. Petitioner alleged that as a member of the Trainmen he was entitled to all the benefits of the contract. Judgment on the pleadings was rendered against Moore by the trial court. Upon appeal the Mississippi Supreme Court reversed and remanded. One of the railroad's pleas was that the contract of employment between Moore and the railroad was verbal, rather than written, and that any action thereon was therefore barred by the three year statute of limitations provided by § 2299 of the Mississippi Code of 1930. With reference to this plea the Mississippi Supreme Court said: "The appellant's suit is not on a verbal contract between him and the appellee, but on a written contract made with the appellee, for appellant's benefit, by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen; consequently, section 2292, Code of 1930, has no application, and the time within which appellant could sue is six years under section 2292, Code of 1930." Moore v. Illinois Central R. Co., supra, 291.

After the remand by the Mississippi Supreme Court, Moore amended his bill to ask damages in excess of $3000, and the railroad removed the case to the federal courts. The District Court, considering itself bound by state law, held that the Mississippi three year statute of limitations did not apply, but on this point the Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, declining to follow the Mississippi Supreme Court's ruling. Calling attention to the fact that the Mississippi Supreme Court does not regard itself as bound by a decision upon a second appeal, the Circuit Court of Appeals (one judge dissenting) said: "Since the removal of the case to the federal court this court stands in the place of the Supreme Court of Mississippi and with the same power of reconsideration." But the Circuit Courts of Appeals do not have the same power to reconsider interpretations of state law by state courts as do the highest courts of the state in which a decision has been rendered. The Mississippi Supreme Court had the power to reconsider and overrule its former interpretation, but the court below did not. And in the absence of a change by the Mississippi legislature, the court below could reconsider and depart from the ruling of the highest court of Mississippi on Mississippi's statute of limitations only to the extent, if any, that examination of the later opinions of the Mississippi Supreme Court showed that it had changed its earlier interpretation of the effect of the Mississippi statute. Wichita Royalty Co. v. City National Bank, 306 U.S. 103, 107; cf. West v. American Telephone Telegraph Co., 311 U.S. 223; Fidelity Union Trust Co. v. Field, 311 U.S. 169. But the court below did not rely upon any change brought about by the Mississippi legislature or the Mississippi Supreme Court. On the contrary, it concluded that it should reexamine the law because there was involved the interpretation and application of a collective contract of an interstate railroad with its employees. The court below also based its failure to follow the Mississippi Supreme Court's decision in Moore's case on the ground that in an earlier case the Mississippi Supreme Court had said that the three year statute applied unless a contract was "wholly provable in writing," a situation which the court below did not think existed here. But even before the decision in Erie R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64, the federal courts applied state statutes of limitations in accordance with the interpretations given to such statutes by the states' highest courts. As early as 1893, this Court said: "The construction given to a statute [of limitations] of a State by the highest judicial tribunal of such State is regarded as a part of the statute, and is as binding upon the courts of the United States as the text. If the highest judicial tribunal of a State adopt new views as to the proper construction of such a statute, and reverse its former decisions, this court will follow the latest settled adjudications." It was error for the court below to depart from the Mississippi Supreme Court's interpretation of the state statute of limitations.

City of Hattiesburg v. Cobb Bros. Construction Co., 174 Miss. 20; 163 So. 676.

Bauserman v. Blunt, 147 U.S. 647, 654, quoting from Leffingwell v. Warren, 2 Black 599, 603. And see Balkam v. Woodstock Iron Co., 154 U.S. 177, 187.

But respondent says that there is another reason why the judgment in its favor should be sustained. This reason, according to respondent, is that both the District Court and the Circuit Court of Appeals erred in failing to hold that Moore's suit was prematurely brought because of his failure to exhaust the administrative remedies granted him by the Railway Labor Act, 44 Stat. 577, as amended, 48 Stat. 1185, 45 U.S.C. § 151, et seq. But we find nothing in that Act which purports to take away from the courts the jurisdiction to determine a controversy over a wrongful discharge or to make an administrative finding a prerequisite to filing a suit in court. In support of its contention, the railroad points especially to § 153(i), which, as amended in 1934, provides that disputes growing out of grievances or out of the interpretation or application of agreements "shall be handled in the usual manner up to and including the chief operating officer of the carrier designated to handle such disputes; but, failing to reach an adjustment in this manner, the disputes may be referred by petition of the parties or by either party to the appropriate division of the Adjustment Board with a full statement of the facts and all supporting data bearing upon the disputes." And in connection with this statutory language the railroad also directs our attention to a provision in the agreement between the Trainmen and the railroad — a provision authorizing Moore to submit his complaint to officials of the railroad, offer witnesses before them, appeal to higher officers of the company in case the decision should be unsatisfactory, and obtain reinstatement and pay for time lost if officials of the railroad should find that his suspension or dismissal was unjust. It is to be noted that the section pointed out, § 153(i), as amended in 1934, provides no more than that disputes "may be referred . . . to the . . . Adjustment Board . . ." It is significant that the comparable section of the 1926 Railway Labor Act ( 44 Stat. 577, 578) had, before the 1934 amendment, provided that upon failure of the parties to reach an adjustment a "dispute shall be referred to the designated Adjustment Board by the parties, or by either party . . ." This difference in language, substituting "may" for "shall." was not, we think, an indication of a change in policy, but was instead a clarification of the law's original purpose. For neither the original 1926 Act, nor the Act as amended in 1934, indicates that the machinery provided for settling disputes was based on a philosophy of legal compulsion. On the contrary, the legislative history of the Railway Labor Act shows a consistent purpose on the part of Congress to establish and maintain a system for peaceful adjustment and mediation voluntary in its nature. The District Court and the Circuit Court of Appeals properly decided that petitioner was not required by the Railway Labor Act to seek adjustment of his controversy with the railroad as a prerequisite to suit for wrongful discharge. But, for failure to follow state law on the state statute of limitations, the judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals is reversed; the judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

Cf. Helvering v. Gowran, 302 U.S. 238.

See, e. g., H.Rep. No. 328, 69th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 4.

Reversed.

MR. JUSTICE FRANKFURTER concurs in the result.


Summaries of

Moore v. Illinois Central R. Co.

U.S.
Mar 31, 1941
312 U.S. 630 (1941)

In Moore, a railroad trainman brought an action for damages based upon an alleged wrongful discharge without first exhausting administrative remedies.

Summary of this case from Walker v. Southern R. Co.

In Moore, the Court ruled that a trainman was not required by the Railway Labor Act to exhaust the administrative remedies granted him by the Act before bringing suit for wrongful discharge.

Summary of this case from Republic Steel v. Maddox

examining the language in 45 U.S.C. § 153 — "`may be referred to . . . the Adjustment Board'"

Summary of this case from NORFOLK SOUTHERN R/R v. BROTHERHOOD LOCOMOTIVE

In Moore v. Illinois Central R. Co., 312 U.S. 630, 61 S.Ct. 754, 85 L.Ed. 1089 (1941), the Supreme Court held that under the above quoted provision of the statute, resort to the Board is merely permissive and that the courts may also assume jurisdiction of disputes over an allegedly wrongful discharge; however, Moore has been limited strictly to the circumstances there involved.

Summary of this case from Haley v. Childers

In Moore v. Illinois Central R. Co., 312 U.S. 630, 634-636, 61 S.Ct. 754, 756, 85 L. Ed. 1089, the question was presented under the sections of the Act applicable to railroad carriers, corresponding to those here involved applicable to carriers by air.

Summary of this case from Koppal v. Transcontinental Western Air

In Moore v. Illinois Cent. R.R., 312 U.S. 630, 61 S.Ct. 754, 85 L.Ed. 1089 (1941), the Supreme Court held that the Railway Labor Act, 45 U.S.C.A. § 151 et seq., does not require an employee who claims an alleged wrongful discharge to exhaust the administrative remedies provided in the grievance and arbitration procedures before instituting a common law suit for damages.

Summary of this case from Larsen v. American Airlines, Inc.

In Moore v. Illinois Central R. Co., 1941, 312 U.S. 630, 635, 61 S.Ct. 754, 756, 85 L.Ed. 1089, it was held that a provision that disputes "may be referred * * * to the * * * Adjustment Board * * *" did not divest the courts of jurisdiction over cases concerning the type of dispute covered by the statute.

Summary of this case from United States v. Tapor-Ideal Dairy Company

In Moore v. Illinois Central Railroad Co., 312 U.S. 630, 634 et seq., 61 S.Ct. 754, 85 L.Ed. 1089, there was involved the necessity for a discharged person to pursue his administrative remedies under the Railway Labor Act, 44 Stat. 577, as amended, 48 Stat. 1185, 45 U.S.C.A. § 151 et seq.

Summary of this case from Cuiffo v. United States, (1955)

In Moore v. Illinois Central C.R. Co., 312 U.S. 630, 61 S.Ct. 754, 85 L.Ed. 1089 (1941), the United States Supreme Court permitted an employee's suit to enforce a collective bargaining agreement against his employer despite the employee's failure to exhaust administrative remedies under Section 3 of the Railway Labor Act, 45 U.S.C. § 153.

Summary of this case from Martino v. Transport Workers' Union of Phil

In Moore v. Illinois Central R.R. Co. (1941) 312 U.S. 630, 635-636 [61 S.Ct. 754, 85 L.Ed. 1089], the United States Supreme Court held that a railroad employee who claimed that under the terms of a collective bargaining agreement he had been wrongfully discharged, could resort to a court action against his employer for damages without first seeking adjustment of his controversy by the board under the Railway Labor Act.

Summary of this case from Howe v. Pacific Elec. Ry. Co.

In Moore v. Illinois C.R. Co., 312 U.S. 630, 61 S.Ct. 754, 85 L.Ed. 1089 (1941), the United States Supreme Court held that the act did not take away from the courts the jurisdiction to determine an action to recover damages against a carrier by reason of its wrongful discharge of an employee even though the determination of the action required a construction of a collective bargaining agreement.

Summary of this case from Marchitto v. Central R. Co. of N.J

In Moore v. Illinois Central R. Co., 312 U.S. 630, 61 S.Ct. 754, 85 L.Ed. 1089, as pointed out in Slocum v. Delaware, L. W. R. Co., 339 U.S. 239, 70 S.Ct. 577, 94 L.Ed. 795, Moore sued for damages claiming wrongful discharge contrary to the terms of a bargaining agreement.

Summary of this case from Davis v. Southern Ry. Co.

In Moore v. Illinois Central Railroad Company, 312 U.S. 630, 61 S.Ct. 754, 85 L.Ed. 1089, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a discharged railroad employee may bring an action for damages upon a claim that he was wrongfully discharged without first seeking the adjustment of his controversy through the National Railway Adjustment Board.

Summary of this case from Scott v. National Airlines, Inc.

In Moore v. Illinois Central R.R. Co., 312 U.S. 630 [61 Sup. Ct. 754, 85 L.Ed. 1089], the Supreme Court held that an aggrieved employee was not compelled under the act to exhaust the administrative remedies granted him by it.

Summary of this case from Austin v. Southern Pacific Co.
Case details for

Moore v. Illinois Central R. Co.

Case Details

Full title:MOORE v . ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD CO

Court:U.S.

Date published: Mar 31, 1941

Citations

312 U.S. 630 (1941)

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