Filed December 4, 2013
Transp. Comm’m, 636 F.3d 511 (9 th Cir. 2011); See Miranda B. v. Kitzhaber, 328 F.3d 1181 (9th Cir., 2003), Alexandriaander v. Underhill, 416 F.Supp. 2d 999 (D. Nev. 2006). In Hafer v. Melo, 502 U.S. 21 112 S. Ct. 358 (1991), the Supreme Court explicitly held §1983 liability is to redress deprivations against those who carry a badge of authority of a State and represent it in some capacity, whether they act in accordance with their authority or misuses it.”