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Jones v. Georgia

U.S.
Oct 16, 1967
389 U.S. 24 (1967)

Summary

holding that disparity was enough where African–Americans were 19.7% of taxpayers but only 5% of jury list

Summary of this case from Woodfox v. Cain

Opinion

ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF GEORGIA.

No. 174, Misc.

Decided October 16, 1967.

Petitioner appealed his murder conviction on the ground, among others, that the evidence of systematic exclusion of Negroes from grand and petit juries established a prima facie case of discrimination under Whitus v. Georgia, 385 U.S. 545. The Georgia Supreme Court affirmed because "public officers are presumed to have discharged their sworn official duties," and "we can not assume that the jury commissioners did not eliminate prospective jurors on the basis of their competency to serve, rather than because of racial discrimination." Held: The State's burden to explain the "disparity between the percentage of Negroes on the tax digest and those on the venires" was not met by reliance on the stated presumptions.

Certiorari granted; 223 Ga. 157, 154 S.E.2d 228, reversed and remanded.

Wilbur D. Owens, Jr., for petitioner.

Arthur K. Bolton, Attorney General of Georgia, G. Ernest Tidwell, Executive Assistant Attorney General, and Marion O. Gordon, Assistant Attorney General, for respondent.


The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for a writ of certiorari are granted.

Petitioner appealed his conviction for murder to the Georgia Supreme Court where he sought reversal on the ground, among others, that the evidence relevant to his claim of systematic exclusion of Negroes from the grand and petit juries drawn in the county established a prima facie case of the denial of equal protection within our decision in Whitus v. Georgia, 385 U.S. 545. The Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the conviction stating that Whitus was distinguishable because "public officers are presumed to have discharged their sworn official duties. . . . Under the testimony in this case we can not assume that the jury commissioners did not eliminate prospective jurors on the basis of their competency to serve, rather than because of racial discrimination." 223 Ga. 157, 162, 154 S.E.2d 228, 232.

The record supports the following comparison of the salient facts in Whitus and in petitioner's case:
Whitus Petitioner's case
Over 21 population 42.6% Negro men 30.7% Negro
Jury Commissioners White (apparently) White
Source of juror Tax Digests separated 3 Tax Digests, two names and identified of which separated as to race and identified as to race
Taxpayers 27.1% Negro 19.7% Negro
Negro jurors 9.1% grand jury 5.0% of jury list venire and box (1 Negro 7.8% petit jury was on the grand venire jury which indicted petitioner)
Rebuttal evidence by State None None

We hold that the burden upon the State to explain "the disparity between the percentage of Negroes on the tax digest and those on the venires," Whitus, supra, at 552, was not met by the Georgia Supreme Court's reliance on the stated presumptions. See Arnold v. North Carolina, 376 U.S. 773; Eubanks v. Louisiana, 356 U.S. 584; Williams v. Georgia, 349 U.S. 375; Avery v. Georgia, 345 U.S. 559; Cassell v. Texas, 339 U.S. 282; Norris v. Alabama, 294 U.S. 587. We therefore reverse the judgment of the Georgia Supreme Court and remand for further proceedings not inconsistent with our opinion.

It is so ordered.


Summaries of

Jones v. Georgia

U.S.
Oct 16, 1967
389 U.S. 24 (1967)

holding that disparity was enough where African–Americans were 19.7% of taxpayers but only 5% of jury list

Summary of this case from Woodfox v. Cain

finding of discrimination based entirely on jury selection statistics and absence of explanation

Summary of this case from Michigan Dept of Educ. v. U.S. Dept. of Educ

finding of discrimination based entirely on jury selection statistics and absence of explanation

Summary of this case from State of Ga., Dept. of Human Resources v. Califano

finding of discrimination based entirely on jury selection statistics and absence of explanation

Summary of this case from Rosado v. Wyman

finding of discrimination based entirely on jury selection statistics and absence of explanation

Summary of this case from Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority

In Jones and Whitus the Court significantly described their claims as ones based on "systematic exclusion" of blacks even though there was not a total exclusion.

Summary of this case from United States v. Zirpolo

In Jones v. Georgia, 389 U.S. 24, 88 S.Ct. 4, 19 L.Ed.2d 25 (1967) and Whitus v. Georgia, 385 U.S. 545, 87 S.Ct. 643, 17 L.Ed.2d 599 (1967), the Court held that although blacks were not totally excluded from juries a prima facie case of the denial of equal protection was made out by a showing of deliberate limitation of representation.

Summary of this case from United States v. Zirpolo
Case details for

Jones v. Georgia

Case Details

Full title:JONES v . GEORGIA

Court:U.S.

Date published: Oct 16, 1967

Citations

389 U.S. 24 (1967)

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