550 U.S. 544 (2007) Cited 265,563 times 364 Legal Analyses
Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
Holding that a plaintiff must plead with “specificity as to the statements (or omissions) considered to be fraudulent, the speaker, when and why the statements were made, and an explanation of why they were fraudulent.”
Holding that by joining their parents' contract claim, the children "subjected themselves to the contract's terms" even though they never signed the agreement
Determining that relationship between owner of towing service and city did not sufficiently resemble a quasi-public employment relationship so as to render public concern requirement applicable
Fed. R. Civ. P. 15 Cited 90,200 times 91 Legal Analyses
Finding that, per N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 1024, New York law provides a more forgiving principle for relation back in the context of naming John Doe defendants described with particularity in the complaint
Fed. R. Evid. 201 Cited 28,172 times 26 Legal Analyses
Holding "[n]ormally, in deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, courts must limit their inquiry to the facts stated in the complaint and the documents either attached to or incorporated in the complaint. However, courts may also consider matters of which they may take judicial notice."