Montana v. United States

Holding that "once an issue is actually and necessarily determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, that determination is conclusive in subsequent suits based on a different cause of action involving a party to the prior litigation"

Owens v. Kaiser Found. Health Plan, Inc.

Holding that defendant was not estopped from raising untimely res judicata defense

Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency

Holding that a new claim is subject to res judicata if the new claim could have been brought in the earlier suit

Headwaters Inc. v. U.S. Forest Service

Holding that "parallel legal interests alone, identical or otherwise, are not sufficient to establish privity"

Mpoyo v. Litton Electro-Optical Systems

Holding that two suits "relate[d] to the same set of facts" because they both concerned "the events leading to [the plaintiff's] termination"

Costantini v. Trans World Airlines

Holding that "a federal court sitting in diversity must apply the res judicata law of the state in which it sits"

Clements v. Airport Authority of Washoe County

Holding that issue preclusion can be waived

Manufactured Home Com. v. City of San Jose

Holding that federal courts look to state law to determine the preclusive effect of a state court judgment

Calnetics Corp. v. Volkswagen of America

Western Systems, Inc. v. Ulloa

Holding that "[t]he test for whether a subsequent action is barred is whether it arises from the same transaction, or series of transactions as the original action"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 41 - Dismissal of Actions

Holding that such dismissal "operates as an adjudication on the merits"

Section 1331 - Federal question

Finding that in order to invoke federal question jurisdiction, a plaintiff's claims must arise "under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States."

Section 2000e-2 - Unlawful employment practices

Adopting case law prior to June 4, 1989, “with respect to the concept of ‘alternative employment practice’ ”

Section 2000e-5 - Enforcement provisions

Holding charges must be made in writing, under oath, and contain all information as the Commission requires

Section 1988 - Proceedings in vindication of civil rights

Finding that 28 U.S.C. § 1920 defines the term "costs" as used in Rule 54(d) and enumerates the expenses that a federal court may tax as a cost under the discretionary authority granted in Rule 54(d)

Section 2000e-3 - Other unlawful employment practices

Prohibiting retaliation against employees who "oppos[e] any [unlawful] practice"

Section 12112 - Discrimination

Recognizing failure to accommodate as form of discrimination

Section 794 - Nondiscrimination under Federal grants and programs

Adopting ADA standards for Rehabilitation Act claims

Section 12111 - Definitions

Adopting the definition of "person" in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e for purposes of Title I of the ADA

Section 1601.28 - Notice of right to sue: Procedure and authority

Describing exception to usual proceeding of terminating investigation upon issuance of notice of right-to-sue