Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife

Holding that the elements of standing "must be supported in the same way as any other matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of proof"

Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of America

Holding that absent a reservation of jurisdiction in the stipulated dismissal order, federal courts lack jurisdiction to consider enforcement of a settlement agreement

Steel Co. v. Citizens for Better Env't

Holding that a court "act ultra vires" when it assumes "hypothetical jurisdiction" in order to rule on the merits

Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Res. Def. Council

Holding that courts "must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress"

United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, Inc.

Holding that where Congress expresses its intent "with sufficient precision," then "reference to legislative history and to pre-Code practice is hardly necessary"

Robinson v. Shell Oil Co.

Holding that the term “employees” carries a different meaning in different sections of Title VII

Marsh v. Oregon Natural Resources Council

Holding that courts must defer to the "informed discretion" of federal agencies where the agencies’ decisions require "a high level of technical expertise" (quoting Kleppe v. Sierra Club , 427 U.S. 390, 412, 96 S.Ct. 2718, 49 L.Ed.2d 576 (1976) )

Simon v. E. Ky. Welfare Rights Org.

Holding plaintiffs who sued IRS lacked standing where they hoped reversal of IRS rule would " ‘discourage’ hospitals from denying their services to" plaintiffs, but whether hospitals had denied services based on the existing rule remained unclear and, even if the rule were reversed, hospitals would remain free to not provide services to plaintiffs

Nat'l Assoc. Home v. Defenders of Wildlife

Holding alleged agency error harmless

Florida Power Light Co. v. Lorion

Holding that the Hobbs Act vests in the court of appeals initial judicial review authority over an NRC order denying a petition under 10 C.F.R. § 2.206 for suspension of an operating license

Rule 56 - Summary Judgment

Holding a party may move for summary judgment on any part of any claim or defense in the lawsuit

Section 706 - Scope of review

Granting courts jurisdiction to "compel agency action unlawfully held or unreasonably delayed"

Section 4321 - Congressional declaration of purpose

Describing the purposes of NEPA as including "encourag[ing] productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment"

Section 1531 - Congressional findings and declaration of purposes and policy

Finding and declaring that "various species of fish, wildlife, and plants in the United States have been rendered extinct" while "other species ... have been so depleted in numbers that they are in danger of or threatened with extinction ...."

Section 1536 - Interagency cooperation

Requiring that every federal agency "insure that any action authorized, funded, or carried out by such agency . . . is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species"

Section 1540 - Penalties and enforcement

Requiring such notice

Section 1532 - Definitions

Defining "conservation" as "the use of all methods and procedures which are necessary to bring any endangered species or threatened species to the point at which the measures provided pursuant to this chapter are no longer necessary"

Section 1533 - Determination of endangered species and threatened species

Requiring periodic review of listed species

Section 1538 - Prohibited acts

Defining "take"

Section 1539 - Exceptions

Providing for the discretionary use of experimental populations in species recovery

Section 402.02 - Definitions

Defining "action" as "all activities or programs of any kind authorized, funded, or carried out, in whole or in part, by Federal agencies in the United States or upon the high seas. Examples include, but are not limited to . . . actions directly or indirectly causing modifications to the land, water, or air"

Section 17.3 - Definitions

In 50 C.F.R. § 17.3, petitioner Secretary of the Interior further defines "harm" to include "significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife."

Section 402.16 - Reinitiation of formal consultation

Requiring the Services to reinitiate consultation in specified circumstances, including when "new information reveals effects of the action that may affect listed species or critical habitat in a manner or to an extent not previously considered"

Section 1501.3 - Determine the appropriate level of NEPA review

Providing instructions for how an agency should decide to issue an EIS or EA

Section 17.21 - Prohibitions

Setting forth take and other prohibitions with respect to endangered species

Section 1500.4 - Reducing paperwork

Encouraging the integration of NEPA requirements with other environmental review and consultation requirements

Section 17.22 - Permits for scientific purposes, enhancement of propagation or survival, or for incidental taking

Allowing permits for importation of endangered species upon a finding of “enhancement of propagation or survival”

Section 1501.1 - NEPA thresholds

Requiring comments to "[i]dentify[] at an early stage the significant environmental issues"

Section 46.215 - Categorical exclusions: Extraordinary circumstances

Section 13.21 - Issuance of permits