Carnegie-Mellon Univ. v. Cohill

Holding district courts have discretion whether to dismiss state law claims after all the federal claims are dismissed and explaining the factors courts should consider when doing so

Conley v. Gibson

Holding that "a complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief"

Mine Workers v. Gibbs

Holding that supplemental jurisdiction is a "doctrine of discretion"

Saint Francis Coll. v. Al-Khazraji

Holding that discrimination “based on the fact that [plaintiff] was born an Arab, rather than solely on the place or nation of his origin” will support a § 1981 claim

Tomka v. Seiler Corp.

Holding that Title VII action may be maintained only against "employer-entity"

Dillon v. City of New York

Holding that "[d]efamation has long been recognized to arise from the making of a false statement which tends to expose the plaintiff to public contempt, ridicule, aversion or disgrace, or induce an evil opinion of him in the minds of right-thinking persons, and to deprive him of their friendly intercourse in society."

Marcus v. AT&T Corp.

Holding that claim alleging breach of contract in which carrier agreed to charge plaintiff different rate than that set forth in tariff did not raise substantial federal question, but contract could not be enforced due to filed-rate doctrine

First Capital Asset Mgmt. v. Satinwood, Inc.

Holding that predicate acts over two-and-a-half years did not constitute closed-ended continuity because the complaint "alleged that [defendant] engaged in a single scheme to defraud two creditors by quickly moving his assets to his relatives and then concealing the existence of those assets during his bankruptcy proceeding"

Shipping Financial Services Corp. v. Drakos

Holding that in considering a 12(b) motion to dismiss for want of subject matter jurisdiction, a court must assume as true factual allegations in the complaint

Mian v. Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corp.

Holding that the plaintiff should be given the "opportunity to amend his complaint in light of the policy to liberally construe civil rights complaints"

Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 1367 - Supplemental jurisdiction

Holding that in civil actions proceeding in federal court based solely on diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, the district court "shall not have supplemental jurisdiction" over "claims by plaintiffs against persons made parties under Rule . . . 24" or "over claims by persons . . seeking to intervene as plaintiffs under Rule 24," if "exercising supplemental jurisdiction over such claims would be inconsistent with the jurisdictional requirements of section 1332"

Section 1981 - Equal rights under the law

Granting equal rights to "make and enforce contracts" without regard to race

Section 2000e-5 - Enforcement provisions

Holding charges must be made in writing, under oath, and contain all information as the Commission requires

Section 2201 - Creation of remedy

Granting district courts the authority to create a remedy with the force of a final judgment

Section 290 - Purposes of article

Describing purpose of article as, inter alia, "to eliminate and prevent discrimination in employment"

Section 2202 - Further relief

Permitting court to issue "[f]urther necessary or proper relief based on a declaratory judgment"

Section 74 - Privileges in action for libel