40 Cited authorities

  1. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 263,703 times   364 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
  2. Erickson v. Pardus

    551 U.S. 89 (2007)   Cited 60,832 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint must "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests"
  3. DelCostello v. Teamsters

    462 U.S. 151 (1983)   Cited 3,312 times
    Holding that a claim for breach of the duty of fair representation must be filed within six months after it accrues
  4. Brooks v. Ross

    578 F.3d 574 (7th Cir. 2009)   Cited 3,236 times
    Holding that a claim is plausible if the facts alleged raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will yield evidence supporting the allegations
  5. U.S. v. Ritchie

    342 F.3d 903 (9th Cir. 2003)   Cited 3,618 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a court may consider "certain materials—documents attached to the complaint, documents incorporated by reference in the complaint, or matters of judicial notice—without converting the motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment"
  6. Knievel v. ESPN

    393 F.3d 1068 (9th Cir. 2005)   Cited 2,303 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Holding that incorporation by reference doctrine extends “to situations in which the plaintiff's claim depends on the contents of a document, the defendant attaches the document to its motion to dismiss, and the parties do not dispute the authenticity of the document, even though the plaintiff does not explicitly allege the contents of that document in the complaint”
  7. Cortec Indus., Inc. v. Sum Holding L.P.

    949 F.2d 42 (2d Cir. 1991)   Cited 2,934 times
    Holding that “[w]here plaintiff has actual notice of all the information in the movant's papers and has relied upon these documents in framing the complaint the necessity of translating a Rule 12(b) motion into one under Rule 56 is largely dissipated” and affirming the district court's consideration of a stock purchase agreement, offering memorandum, and stock warrant that were “integral to [plaintiffs'] complaint”
  8. Steelworkers v. Rawson

    495 U.S. 362 (1990)   Cited 557 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that union could contractually undertake, in collective bargaining agreement, other duties towards member employees in addition to statutorily-imposed duty of fair representation
  9. General Elect. Capital v. Lease Resolution

    128 F.3d 1074 (7th Cir. 1997)   Cited 1,516 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that constructive fraudulent transfer pleadings complied with Rule 9(b) where the complaint alleged that the transferor did not receive reasonably equivalent value and that the transfers "rendered [the transferor] insolvent and effectively precluded" it from paying its debts
  10. Venture Associates v. Zenith Data Systems

    987 F.2d 429 (7th Cir. 1993)   Cited 1,783 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Holding "minor, non-substantive changes" in response to offer prevented contract formation under Illinois law
  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 342,515 times   917 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  12. Section 185 - Suits by and against labor organizations

    29 U.S.C. § 185   Cited 14,494 times   13 Legal Analyses
    Granting federal district courts jurisdiction over breach of contract claims arising out of collective bargaining contracts
  13. Section 158 - Unfair labor practices

    29 U.S.C. § 158   Cited 10,256 times   80 Legal Analyses
    Granting employees a wage increase without bargaining with Local 355